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Required number of top over lashings to prevent sideways sliding and tipping<br />
IMO/ILO/UN ECE<br />
9 top over lashings<br />
(One lashing / 4 tonnes of cargo to<br />
prevent tipping and wandering)<br />
© MariTerm i Höganäs AB<br />
• Static friction s = 0.5<br />
• Acceleration factor c y = 0.5<br />
• Lashing force F T = S TF<br />
• K-factor k = 2<br />
• Safety factor f s = 1.0<br />
• Internal friction considered<br />
Cargo Securing example 3<br />
EN <strong>12195</strong>-1<br />
36 top over lashings<br />
(five lashings/section when loaded in<br />
two layers to prevent sliding and<br />
tipping, and one lashing/section when<br />
loaded in one layer to prevent sliding)<br />
Reasons for the difference:<br />
• Dynamic friction µ d = 0.7 s= 0.35<br />
• Acceleration factor c y = 0.5 (sliding)<br />
and c y = 0.7 (tipping)<br />
• Lashing force F T = S TF<br />
• K-factor k = 1.5<br />
• Safety factor f s = 1.0<br />
• No instructions for internal friction<br />
<strong>IRU</strong> Academy Safe Loading and Cargo Securing Programme 23<br />
<strong>Rev</strong> <strong>prEN</strong> <strong>12195</strong>-1<br />
10 top over lashings<br />
(five lashings / six sections loaded in<br />
two layers to prevent tipping, and one<br />
lashing / 1-2 sections of cargo loaded<br />
in one layer to prevent sliding)<br />
• Friction factor µ = 0.45<br />
• Acceleration factor c y = 0.5 or c y = 0.6<br />
• Lashing force F T = S TF or F T = 0.5 <br />
LC<br />
• K-factor k = 2<br />
• Safety factor f s= 1.1<br />
• Internal friction considered<br />
© International Road Transport Union (<strong>IRU</strong>) 2010
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