Catalysis : an Integrated Approach to Homogeneous ...

4.3.4 P-Elimination and Deinsertion ................... 111
4.3.5 Oxidative Addition .......................... 113
4.3.6 Reductive Elimination ........................ 115
4.3.7 a-Elimination Reactions ....................... 116
4.3.8 Cyclometallation ........................... 117
4.3.9 Activation of a Substrate toward Nucleophilic Attack . ..... 120
4.3.10 o-Bond Metathesis .......................... 122
4.3.11 Heterolytic Cleavage of Dihydrogen . ............... 123
4.4 Elementary Reaction Steps on Surfaces .................. 123
4.4.1 Metal Catalysed Reactions . ..................... 124
4.4.2 Mechanism of the Reaction on Oxides ............... 140
4.4.3 Catalysis by Solid Acids ....................... 143
References ...................................... 155
Chapter 5
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
J.A. Moulijn and V . Ponec
5.1 Introduction . ................................. 159
5.2 Synthesis Gas Reactions ...........................
5.2.1 Introduction ..............................
159
159
5.2.2 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons ........... 160
5.3
5.2.3 Modification of the Catalysts by Alloying Metals and by Using
Promoters and Supports . ...................... 166
5.2.4 Related Reactions . .......................... 172
Hydro-Dehydrogenation Reactions on Metals .............. 176
5.3.1 Introduction . ............................. 176
5.3.2 Hydrogenation of Olefins ...................... 176
5.3.3 Reactions of Polyenic and Acetylenic Molecules ......... 180
5.3.4 Aromatics ............................... 181
5.3.5 Related Reactions ........................... 182
5.4
5.3.6 Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons ............... 184
Catalytic Oxidation .............................. 186
5.4.1 Introduction . ............................. 186
5.4.2 Epoxidation of Ethene ........................ 188
References ...................................... 194
Chapter 6
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen and G . van Koten
6.1 Introduction . ................................. 199
6.2 Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation .................. 201
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