Catalysis : an Integrated Approach to Homogeneous ...

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PREPARATION OF SUPPORTED CATALYSTS 347 ARBITRARY UNITS ARBITRARY UNITS ARBITRARY UNITS I000 800 600 4 00 200 1000 800 600 400 200 WAVENUMBERS WAVENUMBERS WAVENUMBERS Fig. 9.7A. Ammoniacal Mo solution, after evaporation of (a) 1/3, (b) 2/3, and (c) all of the solution. Raman in-situ cell. Spectrum (a) is identical to (NH&Mo04 aq. Spectrum (c) is identical to that of solid AHM. ARBITRARY UNITS WAVE N UM B E R S Fig. 9.78. In-situ Raman spectrum of y-Al203 impregnated with ammoniacal Mo solution (-+ 10.5 %w Mo). (a) Wet catalyst, and after (b) 20, (c) 40, and (d) 60 min drying at 120°C. Spectrum (d) is identical to that of dried AHM/y-A1203 of the same Mo loading. explaining this behaviour has been proposed, postulating that at low loadings the Re04 ions react with the basic OH groups, and at higher loadings with neutral and acidic ones, only in the last case leading to active, because electron-deficient, Re centres capable of complexing a double bond.
348 PREPARATION OF SUPPORTED CATALYSTS 0.15 1 ABSORBANCE /A.U. +basic + neutral -&-acidic Re, 0, / wt Fig. 9.8. The absorbances of the three different types of OH groups as a function of the Re207 loading of R~@/y-A1203 catalysts. In the dried catalyst Re is mainly present as small (NH4)Re04 crystallites, which upon calcination spread over the alumina surface to form isolated Re04 units, as has been established by Raman spectroscopy. Studying the evolution of the alumina OH bands with IR, Fig. 9.8, shows that up to 3 wt.% Re207 the OH groups are not too much affected, the ReO; ions presumably reacting with the C.U.S. A1 sites, leading to totally inactive sites. With increasing Re207 loading, it is indeed the high-frequency band that is preferentially reacted away, thus verif- ying the above postulate. 9.3.2.3 Supported Co(Ni)Mo hydrotreating catalysts Alumina-supported Co- and Ni-promoted molybdenum sulphide hydrotreating catalysts are the main workhorses in many refineries and have, therefore, attracted a lot of attention from catalytic chemists. They are usually prepared via co-impregnation, i.e. pore-volume impregnation with both Mo and the promoter atom present in solution. After drying and calcining, the catalyst manufacture is complete, but it has to be sulphided before use. Traditionally, this is done in situ b L 0
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Studies in Surface Science and Cata
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Studies in Surface Science and Cata
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Preface Catalysis is a fascinating
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industrial context of the features
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Contents Preface ..................
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4.3.4 P-Elimination and Deinsertion
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7.4.1 Scope .......................
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12.3 Adsorption Isotherms .........
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List of contributors E.B.M. Doesbur
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Introductory section
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Chapter 1 History of catalysis 1.1
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 5 One of th
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1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 7 was disc
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS exlenaed em
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 11 aromatiz
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 13 had a gr
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1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 15 The new
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 17 1960 law
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1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS TABLE 1.2
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1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 21 1900 195
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Chapter 2 Catalytic processes in in
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2 - CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
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2 - CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
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flue gaa t c t air Vacuum gas ol 2
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2 -CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
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2 -CATALYTIC PROCESSES JN INDUSTRY
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Chapter 3 Chemical kinetics of cata
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3 - CHEMICAL KINETICS OF CATALYSED
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3 -CHEMICAL KINETICS OF CATALYSED R
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Fundamental catalysis
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Chapter 4 Bonding and elementary st
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4 -BONDING AND ELEMENTARY STEPS IN
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4 - BONDING AND ELEMENTARY STEPS IN
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Chapter 5 Heterogeneous catalysis 5
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 161 a. _
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 163 appr
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 165 In r
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 167 lit
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 169 An
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 171 A ma
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 173 2 L
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 175 (3)
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 177 20 '
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 179 with
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 181 In
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 183 Info
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 185 0 20
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5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 187 TAB
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 189 i)U
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 600 560
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5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 193 b H
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Chapter 6 Homogeneous catalysis wit
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6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRANS
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6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRAN
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6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRANS
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6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRAN
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6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRAN
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6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WTH TRANSI
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Applied catalysis
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Chapter 7 Catalytic reaction engine
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7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING 2
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7 - CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING
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7 - CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING
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7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING I
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7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING w
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10 -CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION WITH
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I0 -CATALYST CHARACTERJZATION WITH
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Chapter 11 Temperature programmed r
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11 -TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED REDUCTIO
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11 -TETEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED REDUCT
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Chapter 12 The use of adsorption me
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12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 421 pairs of
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12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 423 of multi
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12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 425 son of t
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12 - ADSORPnON METHODS 427 equation
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12 - ADSOWON METHODS / Fig. 12.4. T
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12 - ADSOFSTION METHODS 431 - a i-
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12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 433 uptake o
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12 - ADSOlU'TION METHODS 435 gives
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12 - ADSOFSTION METHODS 437 condens
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Future trends
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Chapter 13 Future trends The large
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13 - FUTURE TRENDS 443 control of t
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13 -FUTURE TRENDS 445 the conversio
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Subject Index x-Acceptor Iigands, 2
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SUBJECT INDEX 449 - see also Extend
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SUBJECr INDEX 451 Ethane, 143 Ethen
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SUBJECT INDEX 453 Hydrogen peroxide
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SDJJTT INDEX 455 Octane number, 24,
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SUBJECT INDEX 457 RBS, 383 Reaction
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SUBJECT INDEX 459 - see also Ruther
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STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATA
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Volume 35 Volume 36 Volume 37 Volum
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Volume 70 Volume 71 Volume 72 Volum
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