Catalysis : an Integrated Approach to Homogeneous ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10 -CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION WITH SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 373 X-rays /+ \ 7 SAMPLE photo electron YE: photo emission Auger process photo electrons Auger electrons scattered electrons KL, L, Auger electron vacuum level Fermi level L, or 2p Fig. 10.6. Photoemission and Auger decay: an atom absorbs an incident X-ray photon with energy h and emits a photoelectron with kinetic energy Ek = hv - Eb. The excited ion decays either by the indicated Auger process or by X-ray fluorescence. Because a set of binding energies is characteristic for an element, XPS can be used to analyze the composition of samples. Almost all photoelectrons used in laboratory XPS have kinetic energies in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 keV, and probe the outer layers of the catalyst. The mean free path of electrons in elemental solids depends on the kinetic energy. Optimum surface sensitivity is achieved with electrons at kinetic energies of 50-250 eV, where about 50% of the electrons come from the outermost layer. Binding energies are not only element specific but contain chemical informa- tion as well: the energy levels of core electrons depend on the chemical state of the atom. Chemical shifts are typically in the range 0-3 eV. Figure 10.7b shows that the binding energy of the Rh 3d5/2 peak of RhC13 in the XPS spectrum of a freshly impregnated catalyst is some 2.5 eV higher than that of rhodium metal in
374 10 -CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION WlTH SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 4"" 8 Rh 36 1 I I I I 1000 BOO 600 400 200 Binding Energy / eV 3M 318 316 314 312 310 308 306 304 302 Binding Energy / eY Fig. 10.7. XPS spectra of Rh/Al203 prepared by impregnation from a Rhc13 solution, (a) survey spectrum of low resolution, (b) Rh 3d spectra at high resolution (from Borg et al. [19]). 0
Page 2 and 3:
Studies in Surface Science and Cata
Page 4 and 5:
Studies in Surface Science and Cata
Page 6 and 7:
Preface Catalysis is a fascinating
Page 8 and 9:
industrial context of the features
Page 10 and 11:
Contents Preface ..................
Page 12 and 13:
4.3.4 P-Elimination and Deinsertion
Page 14 and 15:
7.4.1 Scope .......................
Page 16 and 17:
12.3 Adsorption Isotherms .........
Page 18 and 19:
List of contributors E.B.M. Doesbur
Page 20 and 21:
Introductory section
Page 22 and 23:
Chapter 1 History of catalysis 1.1
Page 24 and 25:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 5 One of th
Page 26 and 27:
1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 7 was disc
Page 28 and 29:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS exlenaed em
Page 30 and 31:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 11 aromatiz
Page 32 and 33:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 13 had a gr
Page 34 and 35:
1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 15 The new
Page 36 and 37:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 17 1960 law
Page 38 and 39:
1 - HISTORY OF CATALYSIS TABLE 1.2
Page 40 and 41:
1 -HISTORY OF CATALYSIS 21 1900 195
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 2 Catalytic processes in in
Page 44 and 45:
2 - CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
Page 46 and 47:
2 - CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
Page 48 and 49:
flue gaa t c t air Vacuum gas ol 2
Page 50 and 51:
2 -CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
2 -CATALYTIC PROCESSES JN INDUSTRY
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 3 Chemical kinetics of cata
Page 90 and 91:
3 - CHEMICAL KINETICS OF CATALYSED
Page 92 and 93:
3 -CHEMICAL KINETICS OF CATALYSED R
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Fundamental catalysis
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 4 Bonding and elementary st
Page 110 and 111:
4 -BONDING AND ELEMENTARY STEPS IN
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
4 - BONDING AND ELEMENTARY STEPS IN
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 5 Heterogeneous catalysis 5
Page 180 and 181:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 161 a. _
Page 182 and 183:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 163 appr
Page 184 and 185:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 165 In r
Page 186 and 187:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 167 lit
Page 188 and 189:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 169 An
Page 190 and 191:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 171 A ma
Page 192 and 193:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 173 2 L
Page 194 and 195:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 175 (3)
Page 196 and 197:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 177 20 '
Page 198 and 199:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 179 with
Page 200 and 201:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 181 In
Page 202 and 203:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 183 Info
Page 204 and 205:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 185 0 20
Page 206 and 207:
5 - HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 187 TAB
Page 208 and 209:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 189 i)U
Page 210 and 211:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 600 560
Page 212 and 213:
5 -HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS 193 b H
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Chapter 6 Homogeneous catalysis wit
Page 220 and 221:
6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRANS
Page 222 and 223:
6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRAN
Page 224 and 225:
6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRANS
Page 226 and 227:
6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WlTH TRAN
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
6 - HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WITH TRAN
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
6 -HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS WTH TRANSI
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Applied catalysis
Page 270 and 271:
Chapter 7 Catalytic reaction engine
Page 272 and 273:
7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING 2
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
7 - CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
7 - CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING c
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING I
Page 314 and 315:
7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING w
Page 316 and 317:
7 -CATALYTIC REACTION ENGINEERING g
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Ca ta I ys t preparation
Page 328 and 329:
Chapter 8 Preparation of catalyst s
Page 330 and 331:
8 - PREPARATION OF CATALYST SUPPORT
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
8 -PREPARATION OF CATALYST SUPPORTS
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343: 8 -PREPARATION OF CATALYST SUPPORTS
Page 344 and 345: 8 - PREPARATION OF CATALYST SUPPORT
Page 350 and 351: 8 -PREPARATION OF CATALYST SUPPORTS
Page 354 and 355: Chapter 9 Preparation of supported
Page 356 and 357: PREPARATION OF SUPPORTED CATALYSTS
Page 380 and 381: Catalyst characterization
Page 382 and 383: Chapter 10 Ca ta I yst characteriza
Page 384 and 385: 10 -CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION WITH
Page 388 and 389: 10 - CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION WITH
Page 418 and 419: I0 -CATALYST CHARACTERJZATION WITH
Page 420 and 421: Chapter 11 Temperature programmed r
Page 422 and 423: 11 -TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED REDUCTIO
Page 430 and 431: 11 -TETEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED REDUCT
Page 438 and 439: Chapter 12 The use of adsorption me
Page 440 and 441: 12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 421 pairs of
Page 442 and 443:
12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 423 of multi
Page 444 and 445:
12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 425 son of t
Page 446 and 447:
12 - ADSORPnON METHODS 427 equation
Page 448 and 449:
12 - ADSOWON METHODS / Fig. 12.4. T
Page 450 and 451:
12 - ADSOFSTION METHODS 431 - a i-
Page 452 and 453:
12 -ADSORPTION METHODS 433 uptake o
Page 454 and 455:
12 - ADSOlU'TION METHODS 435 gives
Page 456 and 457:
12 - ADSOFSTION METHODS 437 condens
Page 458 and 459:
Future trends
Page 460 and 461:
Chapter 13 Future trends The large
Page 462 and 463:
13 - FUTURE TRENDS 443 control of t
Page 464 and 465:
13 -FUTURE TRENDS 445 the conversio
Page 466 and 467:
Subject Index x-Acceptor Iigands, 2
Page 468 and 469:
SUBJECT INDEX 449 - see also Extend
Page 470 and 471:
SUBJECr INDEX 451 Ethane, 143 Ethen
Page 472 and 473:
SUBJECT INDEX 453 Hydrogen peroxide
Page 474 and 475:
SDJJTT INDEX 455 Octane number, 24,
Page 476 and 477:
SUBJECT INDEX 457 RBS, 383 Reaction
Page 478 and 479:
SUBJECT INDEX 459 - see also Ruther
Page 480 and 481:
STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATA
Page 482 and 483:
Volume 35 Volume 36 Volume 37 Volum
Page 484 and 485:
Volume 70 Volume 71 Volume 72 Volum
show all

Catalysis : an Integrated Approach to Homogeneous ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?