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QUAKE.
It appears, however, from a letter of intelligence, written at
London on Oct. 14, 1647, that the name had previously been
applied to the members of some foreign religious sect :
heare of a Sect of woemen (they are at Southworke) come
from beyond Sea, called Quakers, and these swell, shiver,
and shake, and when they come to themselves (for in all
this fitt Mahomett's holy-ghost hath bin conversing with
them) they begin to preache what hath bin delivered to
them by the Spiritt' (Clarendon MSS. No. 2624). It thus
seems probable that Bennet merely employed a term already
familiar, and quite appropriate as descriptive of Fox's earlier
adherents (cf. quots. 1654, 1694, and see QUAKING vbl. si'.
and///, a. 2). The name has never been adopted by the
Friends themselves, but is not now regarded as a term of
reproach.
1653 H. R. (title} A Brief Relation of the Irreligion of the
Northern Quakers. 1654 E. TERRILL in R. Barclay's Inner
Life (1876) 317 Thus, they coming as foretold, they were not
known, but afterwards they were called by the name of
'
Quakers ', from people's shaking and quaking that received
them and their doctrine. 1656 EVELYN Mem. (1857) I. 332,
I had the curiosity to visit some Quakers here in prison :
a new fanatic sect, of dangerous principles, who shew no
respect to any man, magistrate, or other. 1679 Trial of
Langhorn 53 He is no Quaker, for he hath got a Perriwig
on. 1694 DE LA PRYME Diary (Surtees) 53 The Quakers . .
do not now quake, and howl, and foam with their mouths,
as they did formerly. 1731 Gentl. Mag. I. 60 The practice
of the people called Quakers, who maintain none of their
poor in idleness that are able to work. 1771 SMOLLETT
Humph. Cl. 26 June, By his garb, one would have taken
him for a quaker, but he had none of the stiffness of that
sect. 1837 W. IRVING Capt. BonmvilU I. 183 In one respect,
their religion partakes of the pacific doctrines of the Quakers.
1876 BANCROFT Hist. U, -V. I. *. j6 3 The early Quakers in
'
I
15
being a Quaker. ) Qna'kery, Quakerism.
1839 CAROLINE Fox Jrnls. (1882) 42 He spoke very civilly
of modern "Quakerdom. 1855 Tail's Mag. XXII. 445
Ellwood was a convert to Quakerdom. 1827 HARE Guesses
(1867) 132 The Jacobinical metonomatosis of the months.,
might be lopkt upon as a parody of the "Quakerian. 1847
MACAULAY in Trevelyan Life II. 215 Translate the following
passage into the "Quakeric dialect. 1685 Answ. Dk.
5 JUec., INo amount of *ql
could render the car uncomfortable. 1825 Miss MITFORD
in L'Estrangeii/ir (1870) II. 198 She is all over "Quakerized,
as you of course know. 1826 B. BARTON Select., etc. (1849) 6
'Twould be cook-ship versus "Quaker-ship. 1673 HALLY-
WELL Ace. Familism iv. 75 "Quakery, though it pretend
high, is mere Sadducism at the Bottom. 1688 BUKYAN
Heavenly Footman (1886) 156 Thou may'st stumble and fall,
. . both in ranting and quakery.
Quakeress (kw^'-ksres). [f. QUAKER + -ESS.]
A female Quaker.
1764 STF.WARDSON (title) Spiritual Courtship, or, The Rival
Quakeresses. 1821 LAMB Elia Ser. i. Quakers Meeting,
Every Quakeress is a lily. 1827 HONE Everyday Bk. II.
no Three
young quakeresses had a sort of semi-bathing.
1852 MRS. STOWE Uncle Tom's C. xiii. 116 A burst of joy
from the little Quakeress interrupted the speech.
Quakerish (kw^'karij), a. [f. as prec. + -ISH.]
a. Of : persons Resembling Quakers in character
or manners. b. Of things: Characteristic of,
appropriate to, Quakers.
1787 M. CUTLER in Lift, Jrnh. $ Corr. (1888) I. 210 We
were very Quakerish, every man attending close to the
business of eating, without uttering scarcely a word. 1822
\.\VLV Lett., to Bernard Barton \\\. 113 Your plain Quakerish
beauty has captivated me. 1847 C. liKUNJE J. byre xxiv,
QUAKY.
cold hert moothers, for Greekish victorye quaking. 1603
DRAYTON Bar. If 'ars vi. Ixxxvii, That ne'er quayles me, at
which your greater quake. 1641 HINDE J. Bruen xlvii. 154
At which lime, .the Devill will quake, yea he doth quake for
feare now. 1711 AomsoN Spect. No. 44 f i The sounding
of the Clock in I'enite Preserved, makes the Hearts of the
whole Audit-nee quake. 1759 ROBKRTSON Hist. Scot. \\\\.
Wks. 1813 II. 52 The fellow in the .study stood quaking and
trembling. 1800 WELLINGTON Let. to Lieut. Col. Close in
Gurw. De$p. (1837) I. 103, I quake for the fort at Munserabad.
1847 J. WILSON Chr. North (1857) II. 22 Our
heart quaked too desperately to suffer us to shriek. i88a
OUIDA Maremma I. 18 His name was a terror that made
the dead quake in their graves.
reft, a 1300 Cursor M. 19633 (Gott.) Saul him quok, sua
was he rad.
f c. With anger. Obs. rare.
1330 R. BRUNNE Chron. (1810) 292 pe kyng his wordes
toke wrabefully tille herte, For ire nere he quoke. ("1374
CHAUCER Boeth. iv. iit. pr. 94 (Camb. MS.) Yif he be distempre
and qunkith for Ire, men shal weene bat he berej>
the corage of a lyon.
f 3. trans. To cause to quake. Obs.
1398 TREVISA Bartk. De P. R. x. v. (1495) 377 A full lytyll
uftynge of wynde quakyth and styryth flamme. 1607
HAKS. Cor. i. ix. 6 Where ladies shalt be frighted, And
quak'd, heare more. 1614 H. GREENWOOD Jayle
liv, 468 The property of the Law is to humble and quake
us for our sins. 1639 HEYWOOD Loud, peaceable Est. Wks.
1874 V. 372 Cannon. .Quaking the bellowing Ayre.
4. Comb.) as f quake-belly, a fat-bellied person ;
f quake-breech ,-buttoek, one wanting in courage ;
f quakeful a,, causing fear or quaking ; f quakemire,
a quagmire ; also as vb., to ; quagmire quakeooze,
soft trembling ooze j quake-tail Ornith. (see
quot. 1894).
1622 MABBE tr. Alemarfs Guzman d*Alf. 223 They will
all forsooth be alike, the tall man as the short, the *Quackbelly
as the Scranio. c 1590 in Drake Seer. Mem. Earl
Leicester (1706) 118, I shall surely be *Quack-breech and
think every Bush a Boggle. 1616 WITHALS Diet. 400
Excor$i . . a faint hearted fellow, a quake-breech, a 1616
BEAUM. & FL. Wit atSev. Weap. i. i, Stand putting in one
foot, and shiver, .. like a *quake-buttock. 1609 HEYWOOD
Brit. Troy xin. xxxii, All imbrude in fight, His *Quakefull
hand and sword so often rearing. 1577 STANYHURST Descr.
/re/, in Holinshed (1807-8) VI. 21 He was forced to fasten
the *quakemire with hurdels, and upon them to build the
citie. 1583 STOCKER Civ. Warres Lowe C. u. 70 a, His
horse was gotten into a quackmyre. 1599 CHAPMAN Hum.
dayes Myrth Plays 1873 I. 73 Howe nowe my liege ! what,
in Philosophic. 1898 Daily News 23 Nov. 6/2
Siackemyred
ver a lot of *quake-ooze flats, where a boat could not get.
1855 OGILVIE Imp. Diet. Suppl. *Quake-taiL 1894 NEWTON
Diet. Birds, Quake-tail^
a book-name invented for the
Yellow Wagtailand its allies, after they had been generically
separated from Motacilla as Budytes.
t Quake, int. and v2 Obs. Also Sc. 6 quaik,
8 -ck, [Imitative : see QUACK, and cf. Du. kwaken,
G. quaken to croak, quack.] = QUACK int. and v.
a 1599 SKKLTON E. Rumniyng 506 Quake, quake, sayd the
duck. 1549 Compl, Scot. vi. 39 The dukis cryit quaik. 1567
HARMANQw*/(i869) 83 A quakinge chete or a redshanke,
a drake or ducke. 1785 BURNS Addr. Deil viii, An eldritch,
stoor quaick, quaick.
Quaker (kw^-kai). [f. QUAKE 2.1 + -EK 1 .] One
who, or that which, quakes.
1. = pi, QUAKING-GRASS. Midi. dial.
iS97GERARDE/^>-/>a/i.lvii.8i Phalaris pratensis is called
in Cheshire about Namptwich, Quakers and Shakers. 1611
COTGR., Amourettes, the grasse tearmed, Quakers, and
Shakers, or quaking grasse. i6i7M]NSHEU/?wc^?-,Quackers,
or quaking grasse. 1882 W. Wore. Gloss. 1890 Glouc. Gloss.
2. With : capital Q A member of the religious
society (the Society of New England displayed
Friends) founded by George
Fox in 1648-50, distinguished bypeaceful principles
and plainness of dress and manners.
little of the mild philosophy, .of
Penn.
b. transf. Applied to various plain-coloured
birds and moths, with allusion to the colour of
the dress usually worn by Quakers.
() A small bird of the Falkland Islands. ( The sooty
albatross, (c) The nankeen-bird, or Australian night-heron.
(;fSs .Sake xxxlii, So quaintly and
quakerishly pretty.
Quakerism
class, Quakerism.
QuakeTian, Qnakeric, f Quakeri'stical
adjs., Quakerly, Quakerish. Quakeriza tion, the
action of Quakerizing. Qna'kerize v., to convert
into a Quaker ; to affect with qualities characteristic
of a Quaker. Qtia'kership, the condition of
(kwvi-korizm). [f. as prec. + -ISM.]
The principles or practice of the Quakers or
Society of Friends.
1656 in Brand Hist. Neivcastle (1780) U. 235 A great
apostacy..to popery, quakerisme and afl manner of heresy.
1751 CHESTERF. Lett, ccxxxi, Plainness, simplicity, and
Quakerism, either in dress or manners. 1776-01 PAINE
Com. Sense App. Addr. Quakers 81 The love and desire of
peace is not confined to Quakerism. 1856 R. A. VAUGHAN
Mystics (1860) II. xi. i. 214 The elements of Quakerism lie
all complete in the personal history of Fox.
Quakerly (kw^-kajli), a.
[f. as prec. + -LY^.]
Like a Quaker ; befitting a Quaker.
_ Drry to
him grow so Quakerly. 1829 MACAULAY Misc. Writ. (1860)
I. 284 They therefore affect a quakerly plainness.
Quakerly (kw^'-kojli), adv. [f. as prec. + -LY 2 .]
After the fashion of a Quaker.
1696 C. LESLIE Snake in Grass (1697) 368 What Quaker,
or Quakerly-Affected Council drew up this Answer for him?
1826 LAMB Let. to B. Barton in Final Mem. viii. 259 Do I
write quakerly and simply, 'tis my. .intention to do it. 1847
MRS. CARLYLE Lett. II. 6 If 'you feel a stop '
(Quakerly
speaking), best to let it have way.
Quakery : see under QUAKER.
Qua-kiness. [f. QUAKY a.] The condition of
being quaky (Webster, 1864).
-vbl. sb.
Quaking (kw^-kirj), [f. QDAKE &.! +
-ING 1 .]
1. The action of the vb. QUAKE in various senses.
cB*$ Vcsp. Psalter liv. 6 E^e & cwaecung cwomun ofer
mec. c looo ^LFRIC Horn. 1. 504 Waes se munt Garganus
bifijende mid ormsetre cwacunge. 1*97 R. GLOUC. (Rolls)
6894 pat heo. .steppe mid folle vot wiboute quakinge. c 1374
CHAUCER Anel.