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QUININE.
Quinine (kwinz'n, -ai-n, U.S. kwsrnain). Also
quinin. [f. QUIN-A 4- -INE5.] An important
alkaloid (C20 H 24 N 2 Oa) found in the bark of various
species of cinchona and remigia, used largely in
medicine as a febrifuge, tonic, and antiperiodic,
chiefly in the form of the salt, sulphate of qninine,
which is popularly termed quinine.
*
Quinine was introduced into medical practice in 1820 '
(SyJ. Sx. Lex. 1897).
1816 S. COOPER First Lines Surf. (ed. 5) 36 A still better
preparation, now much used, is the sulphate of quinine.
1834 [see CINCHONINE]. 1859 WILSON & GEIKIE Mem. E.
Forbes iv. 127 A few grains of silky white crystals of
quinine were found sufficient to dispel the fever. 1887
Athenzum 19 Feb. 260/1 Antifebrin is stated to be more
effective than quinine in reducing fever.
b. attrib. and Comb., as quinine-bark, -compound,
-purifier, -test; quinine-producing, -yielding adjs.;
quinine-flower U.S., a. plant of the gentian family,
used locally as a febrifuge ; quinine-tree Austral.,
(a) the horse-radish tree ; () the native quince.
1880 C. R. MARKHAM Peruv. Bark 216 The richest of
quinine yielding trees. Ibid. 249 The tree has peculiarities
not possessed by any other quinine-producing species. 1884
BOWER & SCOTT De Bary's Phaner. 537 Examples are
afforded . . by the Quinine barks. 1898 P. MANSON Trop.
Diseases \\. 105 The quinine test is generally conclusive in
intermittents.
Hence Quini'nio a., pertaining to, derived from,
quinine. Quini'nism = QUINISM (Mayne Expos.
Lex. 1858). Quini-nize.= QUINIZE. Quinino'metry
= QUINIMETRT.
fQuinio, variant of COTNYE, billeting, etc.
1577 CAMPION Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 74/2 The Irish
impositions of Quinio and Liuery,
Quiniretin (kwinire-tin). Chem. [f. QOINI-A
+ RETIN.] A yellowish-brown precipitate formed
in quinine solutions when exposed to sunlight, isomeric
with quinine, but without alkaline reaction.
1881 WATTS Diet. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 1736.
Quinisext (kwrnisekst), a. Eccl. Hist. [ad.
med.L. quinisexta (tr. G. irfvOfXTtj sc. avvoSos), f.
quini five each, five + sext-us sixth.] Quinisext
Council: The Council in Trullo, convoked by
Justinian II at Constantinople in 692, so called
because it was regarded as supplementary to the
fifth and sixth oecumenical councils.
'6S7 J* COSIN Canon Script, ix. 143 Towards the end of
this Century the Sixt General Council was held at Constantinople,
and the Quini-sext there in Trullo. 1890 T. W.
ALLIES Peter's Rock 263 Justinian II summoned a Greek
Council to meet in the same hall of his palace, called the
Dome. .. It called itself the Quinisext.
So Quinise xtine a.
1868 LIGHTFOOT 1
Philip.
86 note, He quotes.. Can. 10 of
the Quinisextine Council, .as favouring his view.
Quinism (kwai-nizm). Path. [f. QUIN-A + -ISM.]
The abnormal physical state (giddiness, deafness,
loss of sight, etc.) produced by the excessive use of
quinine; cinchonism.
1897 Alltutt's Syst. Med. II. 375 [Quinine] may be given
..until symptoms of quinism shew themselves.
Quini-zarin. Chem. [f. QUIN-A + (AL)IZABIN.]
A crystalline compound obtained from quinol, isomeric
with alizarin.
1881 WATTS Diet. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 1736.
Quinize (kw9i-naiz), v. [f. QUIN-A + -IZE.] To
dose or impregnate with quinine; to cinchonize.
Hence Qui'nized ///. a.
1875 H. C. WOOD Therap. (1879) 64 In the quinized animal
neither galvanization of a sensitive nerve nor asphyxia was
able to produce vascular contraction.
Qnink. Sc. [? Imitative of the cry.]
T 1. A variety of goose, variously identified with
the grey-legged goose (Anserferus} and the brentgoose
(Bernicla brenta). Obs.
1551 Sc. Acts Mary c. n (1814) II. 484 The claik quink and
rule the price of the peece xviijW. 1578 LESLEY De Orig.
Scot. 37 Alia sex Anserum genera apud nos inueniuntur.
Margin. Vulgus his uocibus eos : distinguit Quinck [etc.].
2. The golden-eyed duck.
1808 in JAM. 1866 EDMONSTON Orkney Vocat, 88.
1
t Quinkle, v. Sc. Obs. rare- . In 6 quynkill.
[App. freq. f. *quink = OE.. cwincan: see QUENCH
v.~\ Of a : light To go out.
1513 DOUGLAS SEneh xm. Prol. 29 The lycht begouth to
quynkill owt and faill.
Quinnat (kwi-nat). [N. Amer. Indian : Clatsop
ikwlnnajkwunna.Chmookiltwdna^GibbsChinook
Vocab. 1863).] The king-salmon ; the Californian,
Columbian, or Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
chouicha or quinnat) of the N. Pacific coast.
salmon . . is known by the name of quinnat. 1859 COOPER &
SUCKLEY Nat. Hist. 322 The quinnat . . is by far the most
valuable salmon of any species found in Oregon.
Quinnet (kwi-net). dial. Also 9 quinet. [a.
OF. quignet, var. coignet, dim. of coign coin a , wedge,
QUOIN.] A wedge (see qttots.).
1684 J. BEAUMONT in Phil. Trans. XV. 854 A little Iron
wedge 4 inches in length, by the Miners call'd a Quinnet.
1847-78 HALLIWELL, Qninet, a wedge. Clone. [1890 in
Glouc. Gloss.] 1893 Wiltsh. Gloss., Quinnet. a wedge, as
the iron wedge fastening the ring of the scythe nibs in
VOL. VIII.
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place, or the wooden wedge or cleat which secures the head
of an axe or hammer.
Quinoa (krnoia, kwimw-a). Also quinua. [Sp.
spelling of Peruvian (Quichuan) kinua, iinoa."] An
annual plant (Chenopodium Quinoa, N.O. Chenopodiacese)
found on the Pacific slopes of the Andes,
cultivated in Chili and Peru for its edible farinaceous
seeds. Also attrib.
1625 PURCHAS Pilgrims IV. vn. xiii. 1465 They had Maiz,
Quinua, Pulse. 1760-72 tr. Juan