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QUADRATICAL.
Quadra tical, a. Now rare. [f. as prec. +
-AL.] = QUADRATIC a.
1674 JEAKE Arith. (1696) 645 The Quotient shall be
squaredly Quadratical. 1690 LEYBOURN Curs. Math. 343
To receive as many Cubical Points, as the Co-efficient doth
Quadratical. 1880 GILBERT Pirates Penzance, I understand
equations, both the simple and quadratical.
Hence Quadra tically adv. (Cent. Diet.}
Quadrate- (kwSdir'-to), mod. comb, form of L.
quadratus or quadratum, QUADBATE a. or st. 1 ;
used in some scientific terms.
tl. Math. Quadrato-cubic a., of the fifth power
or degree. Quadrate-quadrat (e, the fourth power.
Quadrate-quadratic, -quadratical adjs., of the
fourth power ; biquadratic. 06s.
1661 HOBBES Seven Prob. Wks. 1845 VII. 67 There be
some numbers called plane . . others *quadrato-cubic. 1787
WARING in Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 81 Biquadratic and
quadrate-cubic equations. 1684 T. BAKER Geometr. Key d. 2
The "quadrate-quadrat of x, x*. 1718 CLARKE in Phil. Trans.
XXXV. 387 The Cube, or the quadrato-quadrate, or any
other Power. 1674 PETTY Disc. Dufl. Proportion 45 To
have like Vessels . . equally strong, the Timber of which
they consist must be "Quadrato-quadratic. 1677 BAKER in
Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 18 The geometrical constructions
of all cubic, and quadrato-quadratic equations.
1668 BARROW ibid. 63 When the equations are *quadratoquadratical.
2. Zool. Connected with or pertaining to the
quadrate together with some other bone, as Quadra
to-Jn gal a. and sb. (see quot. 1878), -mandrbular,
-(meta pte'ryg-oid, -squamo-sal adjs. (see
the second element).
1870 RotLKSTON Anim. Life 18 The quadratojugal rod.
1878 BELL Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 462 In Birds the
quadrato-jugal is a slender piece of bone, which arises from
the side of the mandibular joint of the quadrate. 1888
ROLLESTON & JACKSON Anim. Life 338 The quadrate or in
Teleostei . . the quadrato-metapterygoid.
3. Cry st. Qna:dratoctahe-dron, an eight-sided
crystal of square section through the secondary
axes.
1884 BOWER & SCOTT De Bary"s Pkaner. 137 The fundamental
form of the crystals belonging to the quadratic
system is the quadratoctahedron.
Quadratrix (kwgdrei-triks). PI. quadratrices.
[mod.L., fern, agent-n. from quadrdre to
QUADRATE; cf. F. yuadralrice (ij& c.).] A curve
used in the process of squaring other curves.
1656 tr. fitiiaf Elem. Pkilos. (1839) 316 The ancient
geometricians . . who made use of the quadratrix for the
finding out of a strait line equal to the arch of a circle. 17*7-
41 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v., The most eminent of these quadratrices
are, that of Dinostrates [etc.]. 1816 tr. Lacroix's
Diff. 9f Int. Calculus 662 The Quadratrix, a curve formerly
celebrated for its apparent connection with the quadrature
of the circle. 1898 tr. H. Schubert Math. Essays 124 The
solution of the quadrature of the circle founded on the
construction of the quadratrix.
Quadrature (kwg-dratiui). [ad. L. quadratiira
a square, the act of : squaring see QDADBATE
v. and -DEE. Cf. F. quadrature (1529).]
1 1. Square shape, squareness. 06s.
1563 FOXE A.lfM. (1596) 1670 The maruellous quadrature
of the same, I take to signifie the vniuersal agreement in
the same. 1600 HOLLAND Liny xxv. xxiii. 565 One of the
Romans . . counted the stones . . and made estimate to himselfe
of their quadrature and proportion. 1653 R. SANDERS
Physiogn. 60 When the Quadrangle is broad, and wellproportioned
in its quadrature. 1667 MILTON P. L. x. 380
Parted by th' Empyreal bounds, His Quadrature, from thy
Orbicular World.
t2. One side of a square. Obs. rare~ l .
'553 EDEN Treat. Newe tnd. (Arb.) 25 Euery quadrature
or syde of the wall hath in it thre principal portes or gates.
3. Math. The action or process of squaring ; spec.
the expression of an area bounded by a curve, esp.
a circle, by means of an equivalent square.
1596 NASHE Saffron Walden 22 As much time, .as a man
might haue found out the quadrature of the circle in. 1653
BENLOWES Theoph. xi. xxxvii, As hard to find thy cure As
circles puzling Quadrature. 1664 Phil. Trans. I. 15 A
method for the Quadrature of Parabola's of all degrees.
1743 EMERSON Fluxions p. iii, Drawing Tangents to Curves,
finding their Curvatures, their Lengths, and Quadratures.
i8>9 MRQ. ANCLESEA Lct.iB Feb. in Lady Morgan's Mem.
(1862) II. 278, I am as incapable of making a rhyme as of
effecting the quadrature of the circle. 1881 ROUTLEDGE
Science li. 36 The attention which the problem of the quadrature
of the circle has attracted,
f b. (See quot.) Obs.
1717-41 CHAMBERS Cycl., Quadrature-lines, or lines of
Quadrature, are two lines frequently placed on Gunter s
sector. [Description follows.]
4. Astron. ) a. One of the four cardinal points.
Obs. rare- 1
. (See note on QUADRATE a. 2.)
1601 HOLLAND Pliny I. 37 When this concurrence [of the
planets with the sun] is about the quadratures of the heaven.
[L. circa quadrata mundi.]
b. One of the two points (in space or time) at
which the moon is 90 distant from the sun, or
midway between the points of conjunction and
opposition.
1685 BOYLE Enq. Notion Nat. vii. 256 When the Moon is
in Opposition to the Sun.. that Part of Her Body which
respects the Earth, is more Enlightned than at the New
Moon, or at either of the Quadratures. 17*6 tr. Gregory's
Astron. I. 126 The Passage of the Body L from the Quadratures
to the Syzygies. 1774 GOLDSM. Nat. Hist. (1862) I.
91 The tides are greatest in the syzigies, and least in the
Quadreble, var. QUATREBLE, quadruple.
Quadred, pa. pple. of QUADER v. Obs.
Quadrefoil, obs. form of QUATREFOIL.
Quadrein, obs. variant of QUATRAIN.
t Quadrel. Obs. Also 7 -ell. [ad. It, quadrello
(med.L. quadrellus, OF. quarrel, F. carreau)
square stone or brick, dim. of quadra a : square
cf. QUARREL sb^\ A square block, esp. of brick,
and spec, of a kind of brick used in Italy (see quot.
1 703). Also attrib.
1686 PLOT Staffordsh. 358 Their Quadrells of peat, are
made into that fashion by the spade that cults them. 1688
R. HOLME Armoury in. 457/1 A Quadrell Wall, that is
a wall of Artificial! Stone, as Brick, Tyle, etc.
1703 T. N.
A sort of Bricks larger than Quadrels, or common ones.
Quadren, square : see QUADBAN.
6
Quadrennial (kwgdre'nial), a. and sb. Also
L. type
(correctly) quadriennial, (7 -ennal .
. [ad.
*quadriennidl-is, -ennal-is : see QuADREHNICM and
-At, and cf. F. quatriennal.']
A. adj. 1. Occurring every fourth year.
1701 W. WOTTON Hist. Rome, Marcus iii. 46 Their
Accounts of Time were reckoned by the Quadriennial
Returns of the Grand Games. 1847 GROTE Greece n. xxviii.
IV. 92 Peisistratus . . first added the quadrennial or greater
Panathenxa to the ancient annual or lesser Panathenaea.
1880 Times 27 Sept. 8/x The Archbishop of Canterbury.,
continuing his quadrennial visitation of his diocese. 1884
Sat. Rev. 7 June 745/2 Its statutes only demanded quadrennial
residence.
2. Lasting for four years.
1656 BLOUNT Glossogr., Quadriennial, of four years. 17*7
BAILEY, vol. II, Quadrennial, of the Space of four Years.
1881 Daily News n Mar. 6/2 Biennial Budgets and quadrennial
Parliaments.
B. sb. fa. A period of four years. Obs. rare 1
.
b. An event happening every four years, c. A
fourth anniversary, or its celebration (Cent. Diet.).
a 1646 J. GREGORY Posthuma, De &ris et Epochis (1650)
163 The Egyptians called everie daie in the year by the
Name of som God. .and everie year of their Lustrums or
in like manner. 1856 Sat. Rev. 8 Wov. 625/2
?uadriennals
he great quadrennial
'
the Presidential election is the
Derby Day '
of America.
Hence Quadre'nnially adv., every fourth year.
1796 MORSE Amer. Geoff. I. 626 The senate [of Virginia]
chosen quadrennially.
II Qiiadrennium (kwgdre'niom). Also (cor-
rectly) quadriennium. [a. L. quadriennium,
f. quadri- QUADHI- + annus year.] A period of
four years; spec, in Sc. Law (see quot. 1823).
i83 CRABB, Quadriennium utile, . . the term of four years
allowed . . to a minor after his majority, during which he may
by suit, or action, endeavour to annul any deed granted to
his prejudice during his minority. 1853
G. OLIVER Coll.
Hist. Catk. Relig. Cornwall 482 Francis . . Watmough is
known to have filled several quadrienniums before his death.
1876 Fox BOURNE Locke I. ii. 52 In taking his bachelor's
degree . . Locke abridged the old . .
quadrennium by
one term.
Quadri- (kwg'dri), a first element used in combs,
with the sense '
having, consisting of, connected with,
etc. four (things specified) *. The L. qiiadri- was
so employed in a few words during the classical
period, as in the sbs. quadriduum, quadriennium,
quadriremis, quadrimum , the adjs. quadrifidus,
yuadrijugus, and the pple. quadripartitus.
In the
post-classical and later language such compounds
QUADRI-.
quadratures. 1867-77 G -
Y- CHAMBERS Astron. i. ii. (ed. 3)
39 After starting from conjunction with the Sun it successively
roaches its Eastern quadrature [etc.].
c. The position of one heavenly body relative
to another when they are 90 apart, esp. of the
moon to the sun when at the quadratures (see prec.).
t Also Quadrature aspect.
1591 SPARRY tr. Cattan's Geomancie (1599) 185 The Quadrature
Aspect is from the first to the fourth, or from the first
to the tenth. 1797 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 508/2 Thus the
sun and moon, . . or any two planets, may be in conjunction,
opposition, or quadrature. i8 WOODHOUSE Astron. vii. 44
The Sun is said to be in
quadrature
with a star, or planet,
when the difference of their longitudes is 90 or 270. 1854
BREWSTER More Worlds xvi. 236 The rays reflected from
them when the planets are in quadrature.
t d. Her. In quadrature, at intervals of a
quarter-circle. Obs.
1766 PORNY Heraldry (1787) 188 A circular Wreath, Pearl
and Diamond [= Argent and Sable] with four Hawk's Bells
joined thereto in quadrature Topaz [=Or].
f5. A division into four parts (?cf. QUADRATE
sb?}. Obs. rare- 1 .
1578 LYTE Dodoens vi. Ixxix. 759 Foure straight lines
running alongst the young shutes or branches, the which
do make v. quadrature, or a diuision of the said young
branches into foure square partes or cliftes.
II Quadratus (kwfdri-t3s). Anat. : [L. see
QUADRATE sbl and a.] A quadrate muscle. Quadratusfemoris,
lumborum, etc. (seeQuADRATE a. I c).
17*7-41 CHAMBERS Cycl., Quadratus . . a name applied to
several muscles, in respect of their are much more numerous, esp. adj. forms, as quadriangulus,
-ennis, -formis, -gamus, -laterus, etc.
(See
square figure ; as the
palmaris, and pronators. 1756 WIN-SLOW Anat. (ed. 4) 1. 21 1
A tendon .. inserted between the Gemelli and Quadratus.
1843 J. G. WILKINSON Swedenborg"s Anim. Kingd. I. ii. 60
Some of the before mentioned muscles : these are the
triangulares and quadratus. 1870 ROLLESTON .-/ mm. Life 3
The two psoas muscles and the quadratus lumborum.
also QUADBU-.)
The earliest examples in English are quadrangle,
quadripartite, quadrivial, which are as old as the
15th c. ; others, as quadrijid, quadriform, quadrilateral,
quadrireme were introduced later, esp. in
the 1 7th c. By far the greater number of quadricompounds,
however, belong to the language of
modern science, the employment of the prefix in
popular words being much rarer than that of biand
tri-. A considerable number of those given
in the following lists are self-explanatory, and in
these cases the definition is omitted.
I. Adjectives with the sense '
having or consisting
of four '
', characterized by the number four ',
as quadriba-sic Chem., applied to certain acids
containing four atoms of displaceable hydrogen
(Webster, 1864); qua dricente-nnial, consisting
of, connected with, a period of four centuries (Cent.
Diet. 1891) ; quadrifaTious[L.-/iz>-zj], fourfold,
having four parts ; quadrifo'cal, having four foci
(Cent. Diet.) ; quadrifro'ntal [L. -frens], having
four faces ; quadriga'bled ; quaclrijirgal [L.
-jugus~\, four-horsed, belonging to a four-horse
chariot ; quadrili-bral [L. -libris}, containing
four pounds ; quadrilrngual [late L. -linguis],
using, written in, etc., four languages ; quadrimanous
= QUADRUMANOUS ; ) quadrimood (see
quot.) ; quadrino'mial, -no'mical, -no minal,
consisting of four (algebraic) terms; quadri -parous
Ornith., laying only four eggs ; quadripla'nar ;
quivdri'plieate(d), having four folds or pleats
(Craig, 1848); quadrisylla-bio(al), f -syllable,
-syllabous [late L. -syllabus'] ; quadri -valent
Chem., capable of combining with four univalent
atoms.
" '745 SWIFT To George-Nim-Dan-Dean Esq. Wks. 1841
1. 762 Hail human compound *quadrifarious. .Invincible as
wight Briareus. a 1859 DE QOINCEY Posth. Wks. (rSgi) I.
235 AH the quadrifanous virtue of the scholastic ethics.
1886 Academy 25 Apr. 288/1 The famous *Quadrifrontal
Roman Arch [at Tripoli). 1891 A. HEALES Archil. Ch,
Denmark 69 On the north is a staircase, the angles are
of brick; *quadrigabled. 1819 H. BUSK Veslriad iv. 636
Aurora's neighing steeds .. draw on her *quadrijugal car.
1674 JEAKE Arith. (1696) 01 Some mention a Triple
Choenix, as Bilibral, *Quadrilibral, and Quinquelibral. 1876
is the leaping of one Voyce to another by a fift, consisting
of three '1 ones, and a semitone . . Therefore Pontifex cals it
the *Quadri-moode Interuall. 1717 BAILEY vol. II, *Quadrinomial,
. . consisting of four Denominations or Names.
1866-99 W. R. HAMILTON Elem. Quatern. (ed. 2) I. 245 The
principal
use which we shall here make of the standard
quadrmomial form. 1883 SALMON Anal. Geom. 3 Dimens.
(ed. 4) 23 We shall use these *quadriplanar coordinates,
whenever, .our equations can be materially simplified. 1883
Contemf. Rev. Dec. 938 The old absurdity of reading
everything possible into quadrisyllable feet. 1656 BLOUNT
Glossogr., * Quadrisyllable. . . that hath four syllables. 1678
PHILLIPS (ed. 4), List Barbarous Words,*Quadrisyllatous,
consisting of four syllables. 1869 Eng. Meek. 12 Nov. 198/3
The elements are classified as . . tetratomic or "quadrivalent,
having four attractions. 1880 CLEMINSHAW Wurtz' Atom.
The. 283 Carbon is quadrivalent and oxygen bivalent.
b. Sot. and Zool., as quadrialate, having four
ate or wing-like processes (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1897) ;
quadria'nnulate, having or consisting of four
rings ; quadriarti'oulate(d), having four joints ;
quadrica'psular, -ca'psulate ; quadrica'rinate,
having four carinse or keel-shaped lines, spec, of an
orthopterous insect (Cent. Diet. 1891); quadrice'llular
; quadrici'liate, having four cilia or
hairs ; quadrioi'pital, having four heads or points
"of origin, as the quadriceps muscle ; qua-drioorn,
having four horns (ibid., so -oornous (Blonnt
Glossogr. 1656); quadrioo'state, having four
costse or ribs ; quadricotyle'donous, having two
deeply divided (and thus apparently four) cotyledons
; qua'dricresce-ntic, -toid, having four
crescents ; of teeth : having four crescentic folds ;
quadricu'spid, -cu'spidate, of teeth : having four
cusps or points ; quadride'ntate(d), having four
serrations or indentations ; quadridi-gitate, having
four digits or similar divisions ; quadrifo'liate,
consisting of four leaves; also = quadrifoliolate,
of a compound leaf : having four leaflets growing
from the same point ; quadrifu'roate(d), having
four forks or branches ; quadrige'minal, -ous,
belonging to the corpora quadrigemina at the base
of the brain; also =quadrige'minate, formed of
four similar parts,
fourfold ; quadrigla-ndular ;
quadrihi'late (see qnot.) ; quadrijirgate, -ju--
gous, of a leaf: having four pairs
of leaflets
(Martyn, 1 793) ; quadrila'minar, -ate ; quadrilo'bate,
-lobed ;
quadrilo'cular, -ate, having four
compartments; quadrime'mbrul; quadrino'dal;