Handbook of the federated Malay states - Sabrizain.org

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152 Handbook of the on. Felling and clearing work is usually given out on contracts, the price varying from $2 to glO according to the nature of the work, and the position of the land. While this is going on it is usual to fix upon a site for the bungalow and coolie lines. The latter should be done very carefully, as so much depends upon the health of the coolies, to whom it is essential that there should be close at hand good water for both drinking and bathing. Should dry weather set in after the block of jungle has been felled for, say, a month to six weeks, it will be advisable to take the opportunity of burning (should there have been no rain registered for three or four days). This operation over, one should be enabled immediately to commence the work of lining and cutting holes. The stumps and burnt logs are not removed, as these by their decay furnish a considerable amount of plant food. If the product for which the land is being thus prepared happens to be coffee, coconuts, cocoa, pepper, nutmegs or rubber, it is necessary that a nursery full of young plants should now be ready to be taken out—thus it is taken for granted that the seed has been germinated some time previously with a view to the plants being ready and of a suitable age to stand the transplanting during the next favourable spell of rainy weather. (Pepper is planted from cuttings taken from young vines, and to commence with require the greatest care.) Young plants of the above nature are considered to be hardy enough to stand the moving in about six months from the time the seed has commenced to germinate. If it is decided to keep the clearing entirely clean from weeds, this should be commenced and the work carried on and repeated at least once a month, when the cost will be, comparatively speaking, small. It is by no means considered always necessary to do this, and after planting many of the above products, attention is paid only to the weeding immediately round the tree, the rest being allowed to grow up in grass and cut down only when it has commenced to get to a troublesome height. All young plants require very careful shading.
Fedprated Malay States. 153 In places Avhere products such as rubber and nutmegs have been planted these have usually been tried in conjunction with some other plant, and it would appear desirable to follow this plan in view of the fact that by so utilising the land, returns from the other products may be expected for at least tliree or four years, during which time the larger trees are coming into bearing. Both the rubber and the nutmegs assume at their full height considerable proportions (the former, say, 60 feet at least), and are for this reason planted at a distance of 30 to 40 feet apart. In this manner 50 trees can be planted to each acre. Results with regard to Para rubber have shown that a tree^ at six to seven years old can be tapped and a return at the rate of 10 oz. may be expected. This at the present price, viz., 3s. M. to 4s., would show an exceedingly good profit. The return from nutmegs is most variable, and at least 50 per cent, more trees should be planted than those from which a return is estimated, as the proportion of male trees is very large as a rule, and these cannot be detected until nearly bearing time, when sometimes whole rows will be fouud useless as far as bearing fruit is concerned. A return, however, may be looked for in the sixth year. Large areas are under pepper cultivation and doing very well. G-reat care should be taken to ascertain that the cuttings are taken from healthy vines. Small holes only are necessary, l^hese are usually cut about nine feet apart. The vine is trained to grow up a post, which should be made of hard jungle wood, well limed and tarred at the bottom to resist the ravages of white ants. These permanent posts should be about 11 J feet long, thus giving about nine feet above ground. It is most important to ascertain whether the immediate neighbourhood can give a large enough supply of hard wood. If this be the case a good supply may be split and brought on to the clearing for four or five cents, whereas if they have to be carried any distance the cost may be increased to 15 cents, this making a difference of over ;^50 per acre. The vines should not be allowed to bear until they have reached the top of the posts, which, under favourable circumstances, 4 years for should be in about 3J years after planting backward trees. Pepper thrives well in a soil that contains a large proportion of laterite stone, more so —
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Qass. Book .£41 \^bZ.
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HANDBOOK OF THE FEDERATED MALAY STA
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Digitized by the Internet Archive i
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PART I. FEDERATED MALAY STATES. The
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Federated Malay States, OFFICIAL ES
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— Federated Malay States. 5 These
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Federated Malay States. 7 workman.
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Federated Malay States. All Cadets
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— Federated Malay States. 11 So m
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Federated Malay States. 13 Hints as
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Federated Malay States. 15 The char
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Federated Malay States. 17 climate
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Federated Malay States. 19 and the
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Federated Malay States. 21 during w
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Federated Malay States. 23 Mining f
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Federated Malay States. 25 As they
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Federated Malay States. 27 The aver
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Federated Malay States. 29 A compet
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— Federated Malay States. 31 The
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TT - I 1 I iOo ^08- ,ot- ,0CJ N( -j
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Fe
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Federated Malay States. 35 The area
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Federated Malay States. 37 upon the
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LIMESTONE CLIFFS, KINTA.
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40 Sandhook of the One of the most
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Hiitory. — 42 Handbook of the 3.
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44 Handbook of the 2nd November, 18
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Revenue and Expenditure. — 46 Han
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48 Handbook of the allowed to lie f
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50 Handbook of the There are many o
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52 Handbook of the Lower Perak, fro
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54 Handbook oj the to preserve his
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56 Handbook of the smelted at the P
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58 Handbook of the Sapphires, garne
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Uoads. Buildings. 60 Sandhook 0/ th
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62 Handbook of the When the lines n
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64 Handbook of the local steamers,
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66 Sandhook of the enthusiasm, in n
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68 Sandhooh of the 4. W. E. Maxwell
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70 Handbook of the been found, and
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— 72 Handbook of the the State of
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74 Handbook of the 1770), and in a
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76 Handbook of the Tin is usually e
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— 78 Handbook of the great value
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80 Handbook of the be capable of su
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S^ tiandhook of the Selangor is div
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84 Handhooh of the PART IV. NEGRI S
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\ cuii iwhido ^'; REFERENCE oj . B
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Federated Malay States. 85 BRITISH
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federated Malay States. S7 Klailg w
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Federated Malay States. 89 planting
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Federated Malay States. 91 other. T
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Federated Malay States. Seremban is
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TRENGrGANU MAP OF PAHANG. Federated
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Geographical description. Fhysical
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98 Mandhooh of the The State is wel
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100 Handbook of the limit of the au
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Page 156 and 157: 114 Sandhook of the Time in transit
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Page 160 and 161: lis B^andhook of the were recorded
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Page 178 and 179: 136 Handbook of the arrival in Paha
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Page 185 and 186: APPENDICES,
Page 187 and 188: — — DIX A AND Singapore. Fares.
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Page 207 and 208: Federated Malay States. Summary. Ex
Page 209 and 210: Federated Malay States. 167 No. 2
Page 211 and 212: Federated Malay States. 169 Estimat
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