Technology and Operation - Kernkraftwerk Gösgen

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Environmental aspects Once a month, dust particles collected on four Vaseline-coated panels in the vicinity of the plant are examined. In addition to this, gamma-spectroscopic measurements are conducted once a year to determine the ac- Sensor for automatic dose-rate measurement. tivity concentration of selected radionuclides. The carbon-14 content of tree leaves is measured. Samples of the soil, grass, milk and crops and also fish from the river Aare are taken once a year and examined in order to check for possible deposits in the ground, in foods and in animal feedstuffs. Since 1993, the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) has been operating an automatic dose-rate monitoring network (Maduk) in the vicinity of the nuclear power plants. At 16 locations close to the KKG there are sensors (Geiger-Müller counters), which transmit the readings to the central ENSI computer every ten minutes, where they are automatically checked and compared with the natural background radiation. The current measurements are posted on www.ensi.ch. The Maduk network supplements the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) network for the automatic monitoring of radioactivity. The NEOC network consists of 60 stations distributed over the entire country, which similarly measure the local dose rate. These measurements are publicly available at www.naz.ch. To record the natural and man-made sources of radiation over a wider area, the NEOC carries out aerial radiometry measurements from a helicopter every one to two years, covering an area of 70 square kilometres around the KKG. Alongside the ENSI, the Department of Environmental Radioactivity of the Federal Office of Public Health is responsible for monitoring immissions from the nuclear power plants. The results of the emission and immission monitoring are published annually in the Federal Office of Public Health FOPH report on «Environmental radioactivity and radiation dosages in Switzerland». � � � � �46 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
The radiation dose received by the general public from the immissions is calculated on the basis of the emission values. ENSI specifies the maximum values for radioactivity emissions to the environment in such a way that no one in the local population is exposed to more than the source-linked reference dose level of 0.3 millisievert per year. The radiation doses that result for the local population from the radioactivity emissions are several orders of magnitude lower than those from natural radiation sources. By way of comparison: in Switzerland the average dose from natural radiation sources is 3 millisievert per year, with extreme values of 1 to 25 millisievert per year. For the point in the vicinity of the KKG that is subject to the hypothetical maximum impact, a maximum annual whole-body exposure of less than 0.01 millisievert has been calculated in the period since the plant was brought into operation, taking into account all possible exposure pathways. At no point in the vicinity of the KKG have harmful effects due to radioactivity from the KKG been observed since the power station first came on stream. Meteorological data capture Since 2007, the acquisition of meteorological data that is required at all nuclear plant sites for purposes of incident analysis has been performed with new, standardised MeteoSwiss meteorological stations. The former meteorological station on the site of Aarepapier AG, which was brought into operation by the KKG in 1982, was then no longer required and was dismantled in 2009. The Swiss Federal Law of 4 October 2002 on civil protection and support services assigned responsibility Environmental aspects Sampling water from the river Aare. for the acquisition of meteorological data for emergency response planning to MeteoSwiss. The technically optimised MeteoSwiss stations feed site-specific data into the dense MeteoSwiss measuring network. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �47 � � � � � � �
Page 1 and 2: Technology and Operation Gösgen nu
Page 3 and 4: 6 31 7 29 27 26 10 Headwater channe
Page 5 and 6: This brochure provides an overview
Page 7 and 8: Contribution to Switzerland’s ele
Page 9 and 10: % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 11 and 12: The first self-sustained chain reac
Page 13 and 14: access for heavy goods vehicles. A
Page 15 and 16: pool then increases the storage cap
Page 17 and 18: is equally distributed over the thr
Page 19 and 20: Reactor coolant pump Reactor coolan
Page 21 and 22: Coolant treatment systems The volum
Page 23 and 24: leakage rate, and must also take ch
Page 25 and 26: Treatment of liquid radioactive was
Page 27 and 28: Safety barriers Nuclear fuel matrix
Page 29 and 30: The single-failure criterion applie
Page 31 and 32: Containment venting system 1 Contai
Page 33 and 34: An extensive retrofit of the pressu
Page 35 and 36: turbine from being damaged by erosi
Page 37 and 38: The feedwater pumps pump the feedwa
Page 39 and 40: ing, where it is divided over the n
Page 41 and 42: gency and residual heat removal sys
Page 43 and 44: ods to such an extent that the bala
Page 45 and 46: sound are performed in different in
Page 47 and 48: The familiar effects of ageing incl
Page 49: Aerosol collector. tower has also t
Page 53 and 54: From the 1970s up to the 1990s, the
Page 55 and 56: Reprocessing plant La Hague Fuel el
Page 57 and 58: 1985 � The Federal Council approv
Page 59 and 60: terim Storage Facility for Radioact
Page 61 and 62: Characteristics HP = High-pressure
Page 63 and 64: Internet addresses � Swiss Federa
Page 65 and 66: Key technical data Power Gross elec
Page 67 and 68: 53 56 55 50 51 Component drain syst
Page 69 and 70: Speed 3000 rev/min Turbine gross ef

Technology and Operation - Kernkraftwerk Gösgen

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