Flowerless plants; ferns, mushrooms, mosses, lichens, and seaweeds

PREFACE
the woods and fields, and at home with the microscope.
Among the books consulted which have been
especially helpful for ferns are Gray's Manual, Mrs.
Dana's How to Know the Ferns, Clute's Our Ferns in
Their Haunts, and Waters' s Ferns. To the last we are
especially indebted for information about spores and
the growing of young ferns.
Marshall's Mushroom Book, Gibson's Our Edible
Toadstools and Mushrooms, Palmer's About Mushrooms,
and Atkinson's Studies of American Fungi have
been most helpful in the work on those interesting
plants.
For the study of mosses and lichens Macmillan's
Footnotes from the Pages of Nature, Grout's books on
Mosses, and Lindsay's British Lichens were consulted.
Hervey's Sea Mosses and Arnold's Sea Beach at Ebb
Tide were of great assistance in the study of seaweeds.
Nearly all the illustrations were from the author's
own specimens. To Mr. Henry E. Bedford we are
indebted for the photographs, and to Miss Sylvia C.
Warren for her assistance in the color work and in the
pen and ink sketches.
To Miss Emma L. Wagenseil we are under obliga-
tions for some of our specimens of mosses.
Our thanks are also due to Mr. Edward B. Shallow,
Associate Superintendent of Schools in Greater New
York, for reading the manuscript, for helpful sugges-
tions, and kindly words of encouragement.
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