Flowerless plants; ferns, mushrooms, mosses, lichens, and seaweeds

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SEAWEEDS There are also olive or brown seaweeds. Among them are a number which have stem and leaf forms. Many of them have spores from which new plants grow. Some of these seaweeds are quite small; others grow to be several hundred feet in length. Last and most beautiful are the red seaweeds, in color from a dainty pink to a deep purple. They are not so large nor so leaflike in appearance as the brown ones. They grow in deeper water, but are often washed ashore. Many of them are beautiful feather- like plants. Some, called corallines, are covered with lime. Among seaweeds the plant is called a frond. A disk or conelike expansion at the base of the frond takes the place of the root found in flowering plants. This is a holdfast by which the frond fastens itself to any material under the water. Seaweeds that grow on sandy shores or on corals have holdfasts that branch like fibrous roots. Holdfasts do not take in nourishment for the plant, as roots do. Seaweeds get their nourishment from the water around them. Some sea plants live but a year; others have a long life. Seaweeds vary much in different seasons. If you live near the ocean, try to get some each season and notice the differences. Those which form spores throw them off into the water. Here they sink or are washed to some place where they soon begin to grow. 134
ULVA Seaweeds give homes and food to millions of living creatures. Iodine, potash, and other medicines are made from them. Various kinds of food are obtained from different species. Farmers along the coast everywhere use them to make the soil better. So you see that seaweeds have uses as well as beauties. ULVA You may often find along the looks like the one in the picture, times it is full of holes. Then you may know that it is an old plant, or that a snail found it before you did. The largest bright-green plants in all seas belong to this family. Its brilliant green is darker when the plant grows in deep water. Two species of this seaweed are found on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. One is called the widest ulva because it is the largest of any of these plants. The other looks somewhat like a lettuce leaf, and is known as sea lettuce. The frond of the sea lettuce 135 beach a plant which It is an ulva. Some- An Ulva. Notice the Hold- fast at the Tip.
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California gionai nlity f e/vrtd 9x
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Digitized by the Internet Archive i
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Flowerless Plants Ferns, Mushrooms,
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PREFACE The purpose of this book is
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CONTENTS PAGE Nature's Teachings 9
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NATURE'S TEACHINGS Longfellow tells
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NATURE'S TEACHINGS the light and se
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FERNS PARTS OF A FERN Let us first
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HOW FERNS GROW says to the root: "
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ing. When the spores within are nea
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OTHER WAYS TO START NEW FERNS come
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OTHER WAYS TO START NEW FERNS Let u
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FERNS IN SPRING In the woods, we se
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THROUGH THE YEAR WITH THE FERNS Oh,
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THROUGH THE YEAR WITH THE FERNS pet
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THE MARSH FERN You see that they ha
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THE BRACKEN The picture shows you a
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THE RATTLESNAKE FERN them from mild
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THE RATTLESNAKE FERN this is divide
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THE EBONY SPLEENWORT ways grow in d
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Maidenhair Fern.
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FERNS cause the fine, black, wiry r
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FERNS fern cannot get ahead of the
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FERNS of Osmund. It is crisp and te
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FERNS THE SENSITIVE FERN August is
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THE SENSITIVE FERN green fronds are
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SPINULOSE WOOD FERN were to look at
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leaves keep their freshness and col
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" The Woodsia fern that scorns to d
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THE EVERGREEN WOOD FERX THE EVERGRE
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FERNS IN" STONE AND COAL many fern
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FERNS IN STONE AND COAL Useless? Lo
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MUSHROOMS up in clusters or circles
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PARTS OF A MUSHROOM and puts black
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PARTS OF A MUSHROOM that on the und
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HOW MUSHROOMS GROW decaying vegetab
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THE COMMON MEADOW MUSHROOM as these
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THE FAIRY-RING MUSHROOM THE FAIRY-R
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THE FAIRY-RING MUSHROOM Another sto
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The Edible Boletus.
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MUSHROOMS gray. When the spores beg
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THE AMANITA FAMILY The picture on t
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MUSHROOMS tells of taking a large b
Page 95 and 96: TREE MUSHROOMS and have little or n
Page 97 and 98: TREE MUSHROOMS These are only a few
Page 99 and 100: PUFFBALLS yellow, and then to a gre
Page 101 and 102: THE CORAL FUNGI clustered ; some ar
Page 103 and 104: MOSSES It seems as if nature filled
Page 105 and 106: MOSSES By holding this moisture unt
Page 107 and 108: THE PARTS OF THE MOSS PLANT that so
Page 109 and 110: THE PARTS OF THE MOSS PLANT the sta
Page 111 and 112: PEAT MOSS the spores are fully ripe
Page 113 and 114: PEAT MOSS The leaves have no midrib
Page 115 and 116: HAIR-CAP MOSSES is peculiar: Every
Page 117 and 118: HYPNUM MOSSES color. This capsule i
Page 119 and 120: HYPNUM MOSSES A hypnum that is easi
Page 121 and 122: WATER MOSSES shaded swamps, and alo
Page 123 and 124: WATER MOSSES plunge downward. This
Page 125 and 126: OTHER COMMON MOSSES the same locali
Page 127 and 128: OTHER COMMON MOSSES The wavy Dicran
Page 129 and 130: OTHER COMMON MOSSES a small tree mo
Page 131 and 132: LICHENS Lichens ! What are they? Yo
Page 133 and 134: LICHENS stead, the whole surface of
Page 135 and 136: REINDEER MOSS REINDEER MOSS The rei
Page 137 and 138: ICELAND MOSS northern parts of the
Page 139 and 140: LICHENS AS DYESTUFFS quantities on
Page 141 and 142: A FEW COMMON LICHENS Probably this
Page 143 and 144: A FEW COMMON LICHENS every rock wit
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Page 149 and 150: FUCUS OR ROCKWEED the fucus vesicul
Page 151 and 152: SARGASSUM, OK GULFWEED leaves, and
Page 153 and 154: EDIBLE SEAWEEDS " When descends on
Page 155 and 156: EDIBLE SEAWEEDS Isles it is a commo
Page 157 and 158: SEA TANGLE There is another order o
Page 159 and 160: 147 - -" 3 55 60 >
Page 161 and 162: SEA FLOWERS soft and densely tufted
Page 164 and 165: Unwerslty of CaWornto clUTY SOUTHER
Page 166: ^;::;; :; :!!;::;:!;: ;';^ n Uni
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Flowerless plants; ferns, mushrooms, mosses, lichens, and seaweeds

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