Flowerless plants; ferns, mushrooms, mosses, lichens, and seaweeds

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FERNS cause the fine, black, wiry roots resemble the hair of a maiden. This fern is sometimes used for medicine. It is said to be good for throat and lung diseases. There is a fern in Europe and in the southern part of our own country that looks somewhat like the maidenhair. It is called the Venus' s hair fern. If you look at the little sprays of these two plants you will see the difference in the shape of the leaflets. The Venus' s hair branches alternately along the stem in- stead of forming a circle of branches at the top of the stipe as the maidenhair does. THE OSMUNDAS The Os-mun'-das are ferns that everybody ought to know, because they are so common and so showy. From the time their crosiers peep out of the ground in the spring until their leaflets fall in the autumn, they are a familiar sight. Their roots are the largest, their crosiers the wooliest, their fronds the tallest, and their fruit the earliest of any of the ferns. The three best known members of the Osmunda family are the cinnamon fern, the interrupted fern, and the flowering fern. Early in the spring, before the grass has turned green, the young crosiers or "fiddleheads" of the cin- 40
THE OSMUNDAS namon fern begin to appear in wet ground. The spore-bearing fronds are seen first, but before they are full grown the other fronds spring up and grow so fast that they are soon taller than the earlier ones. These two sets of fronds grow in separate circles. The fruit - bearing ones form the outer circle, but during their growth the others bend outward, so that when full grown those with spores appear to be growing in the inner circle. The fruiting fronds are stiff and clublike, as seen in the picture. At first they are bright The Cinnamon Fern. green. In the latter part of May they begin to turn to the cinnamon brown which gives this fern its name. The spores are now ripe and a touch sets them free. The fronds then wither and die. The other leaves remain green during the summer. The thrush and the brown thrasher like to build their nests in the center of these great ferns. Though an early riser in the spring, the cinnamon 41
Page 1: California gionai nlity f e/vrtd 9x
Page 6: Digitized by the Internet Archive i
Page 9 and 10: Flowerless Plants Ferns, Mushrooms,
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE The purpose of this book is
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS PAGE Nature's Teachings 9
Page 15 and 16: NATURE'S TEACHINGS Longfellow tells
Page 17 and 18: NATURE'S TEACHINGS the light and se
Page 19 and 20: FERNS PARTS OF A FERN Let us first
Page 21 and 22: HOW FERNS GROW says to the root: "
Page 23 and 24: ing. When the spores within are nea
Page 25 and 26: OTHER WAYS TO START NEW FERNS come
Page 27 and 28: OTHER WAYS TO START NEW FERNS Let u
Page 29 and 30: FERNS IN SPRING In the woods, we se
Page 31 and 32: THROUGH THE YEAR WITH THE FERNS Oh,
Page 33 and 34: THROUGH THE YEAR WITH THE FERNS pet
Page 35 and 36: THE MARSH FERN You see that they ha
Page 37 and 38: THE BRACKEN The picture shows you a
Page 39 and 40: THE RATTLESNAKE FERN them from mild
Page 41 and 42: THE RATTLESNAKE FERN this is divide
Page 43 and 44: THE EBONY SPLEENWORT ways grow in d
Page 45: Maidenhair Fern.
Page 50 and 51: FERNS fern cannot get ahead of the
Page 52 and 53: FERNS of Osmund. It is crisp and te
Page 54 and 55: FERNS THE SENSITIVE FERN August is
Page 57 and 58: THE SENSITIVE FERN green fronds are
Page 59 and 60: SPINULOSE WOOD FERN were to look at
Page 61 and 62: leaves keep their freshness and col
Page 63 and 64: " The Woodsia fern that scorns to d
Page 65 and 66: THE EVERGREEN WOOD FERX THE EVERGRE
Page 67 and 68: FERNS IN" STONE AND COAL many fern
Page 69 and 70: FERNS IN STONE AND COAL Useless? Lo
Page 71 and 72: MUSHROOMS up in clusters or circles
Page 73 and 74: PARTS OF A MUSHROOM and puts black
Page 75 and 76: PARTS OF A MUSHROOM that on the und
Page 77 and 78: HOW MUSHROOMS GROW decaying vegetab
Page 79 and 80: THE COMMON MEADOW MUSHROOM as these
Page 81 and 82: THE FAIRY-RING MUSHROOM THE FAIRY-R
Page 83 and 84: THE FAIRY-RING MUSHROOM Another sto
Page 85: The Edible Boletus.
Page 88 and 89: MUSHROOMS gray. When the spores beg
Page 90 and 91: THE AMANITA FAMILY The picture on t
Page 93 and 94: MUSHROOMS tells of taking a large b
Page 95 and 96: TREE MUSHROOMS and have little or n
Page 97 and 98: TREE MUSHROOMS These are only a few
Page 99 and 100:
PUFFBALLS yellow, and then to a gre
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THE CORAL FUNGI clustered ; some ar
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MOSSES It seems as if nature filled
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MOSSES By holding this moisture unt
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THE PARTS OF THE MOSS PLANT that so
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THE PARTS OF THE MOSS PLANT the sta
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PEAT MOSS the spores are fully ripe
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PEAT MOSS The leaves have no midrib
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HAIR-CAP MOSSES is peculiar: Every
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HYPNUM MOSSES color. This capsule i
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HYPNUM MOSSES A hypnum that is easi
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WATER MOSSES shaded swamps, and alo
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WATER MOSSES plunge downward. This
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OTHER COMMON MOSSES the same locali
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OTHER COMMON MOSSES The wavy Dicran
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OTHER COMMON MOSSES a small tree mo
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LICHENS Lichens ! What are they? Yo
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LICHENS stead, the whole surface of
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REINDEER MOSS REINDEER MOSS The rei
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ICELAND MOSS northern parts of the
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LICHENS AS DYESTUFFS quantities on
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A FEW COMMON LICHENS Probably this
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A FEW COMMON LICHENS every rock wit
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133 o -a H
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ULVA Seaweeds give homes and food t
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FUCUS OR ROCKWEED the fucus vesicul
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SARGASSUM, OK GULFWEED leaves, and
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EDIBLE SEAWEEDS " When descends on
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EDIBLE SEAWEEDS Isles it is a commo
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SEA TANGLE There is another order o
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147 - -" 3 55 60 >
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SEA FLOWERS soft and densely tufted
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Unwerslty of CaWornto clUTY SOUTHER
Page 166:
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Flowerless plants; ferns, mushrooms, mosses, lichens, and seaweeds

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