North American Flora: Agaricales, Agaricaceae (Vol. 10 ... - MykoWeb

76 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 10
25. Venenarais crenulatus (Peck) Murrill, MycologiaS: 77. 1913.
Amanita crenulata Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 27: IS. 1900.
Pileus thin, broadly ovoid, becoming convex or nearly plane, 2.5-5 cm. broad; surface whit-
ish or grayish, sometimes tinged with yellow, decorated with a few thin, whitish, floccose
warts, or with whitish, floccose volval patches, somewhat striate on the margin; context white,
agreeable to the taste; lamellae white, crowded, reaching the stipe and sometimes forming
decurrent lines, edges floccose-crenulate; spores globose, smooth, hyaline, usually uninucleate,
7.5-10 M; stipe equal, bulbous, floccose-mealy above, white, stuffed or hollow, 2.5-5 cm. long,
6-8 mm. thick; annulus slight, evanescent; volva whitish, very thin and fragile, evanescent.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Massachusetts.
HABITAT: LOW ground under trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Massachusetts.
26. Venenarais solitarius (Bull.) Murrill, Mycologia 4: 240. 1912.
Agaricus solitarius Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 48. 1780.
Agaricus solitarius Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 17. 1821.
Agaricus strobiliformis Vitt. Descr. Funghi Mang. 59. 1835.
Agaricus echinocephalus Vitt. Descr. Funghi Mang. 346. 1835.
Agaricus polypyramis Berk. & Curt. Ann. Nat. Hist. II. 12: 417. 1853.
Agaricus monliculosus Berk. & Curt. Ann. Nat. Hist. II. 12: 418. 1853.
Agaricus daucipes Berk. & Mont; Mont. Syll. Crypt. 96. 1856.
Agaricus {Amanita) Ravenelii Berk. & Curt. Ann. Nat. Hist. III. 4: 1. 1859.
Agaricus muscarius major Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Cab. 23: 69. 1872.
Agaricus \Amanita) onustus Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 5: 42. 1874.
Agaricus {Amanita) chlorinosmus Peck; Austin, Bull. Torrey Club 6: 278. 1878.
Amanita candida Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 137. 1897.
Amanita prairiicola Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 138. 1897.
Amanita multisquamosa Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. S3: 840. 1900.
Amanita radicata Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 609. 1900.
Amanita cinereoconia Atk. Ann. Myc. 7: 366. 1909.
Pileus subglobose or convex to plane, solitary, 5-20 cm. broad; surface dry, usually white
or slightly yellowish, rarely cinereous or murinous, densely pulverulent, or pelliculose adorned
with seceding, angular warfs that may be soft, floccose and flattened or firm and erect, often
becoming glabrous with age, margin smooth, at times appendiculate; context firm, white,
usually of mawkish flavor and odor resembling that of chlorin; lamellae usually adnexed
and rather narrow, occasionally free and rounded behind, more or less crowded, white; spores
ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, very variable in size, 7-14X5-9 ¿i; stipe subequal, usually radicate,
bulbous or enlarged or equal below, concolorous or paler, mealy above, squamulose or imbri-
cate-squamose below, solid or slightly spongy, 4-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. thick; annulus white,
apical, fragile or lacerate, often appendiculate or evanescent; volva white, usually friable,
rarely remaining as concentric, margined scales or a short limb at the base of the stipe.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
HABITAT: Open ground or in thin woods.
DISTRIBUTION: New York to Alabama and west to California; also in Europe.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi/. 75, 76; Baria, Champ. Nice pi. 4,f. 5-8, pi. 4*; Boudier
Ic. Myc. I: pi. 3, 4; Bres. Funghi Mang. pi. 8; Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 48, 593; Cooke, Brit. Fungi pi 8 ¡8)
277 (0); Gill. Champ. Fr. pi. 12 (20), 13 (.8); Vitt. Descr. Funghi Mang. pi. 9; Ann. Rep N Y
State Mus. S3: pi. B, f. 1-7.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
Amanita abrupta Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 138. 1897. Known only from specimens
collected by Underwood and Baker in woods near Auburn, Alabama. It is near Venenarius
solitarius, but the slender stipe terminated below by a large subglobose bulb distinguishes it'
from the forms of that species with which I am familiar. It is very desirable that fresh speci-
mens be obtained and color sketches or photographs be made from them for comparison with
V. solitarius and V. cothurnatus.
Agaricus bulbosus vernus Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 108. 1782. It is doubtful whether this is
really distinct from Venenarius phalloides, although some European mycologists maintain that
the spores are different. I have been unable to find any North American specimens that
could not be referred to the white form of V. phalloides.
Lepiota drymonia Morgan, Jour. Myc. 13: 13. 1907. Collected in Vermont, on the
ground in woods. Probably a form of Venenarius solitarius.