animal production - CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University ...

prime consideration. Animal should be given required quantity of concentrate and mineral mixture, in addition to stomach
full of green and hay. Care should be taken to save animal from internal and external parasites. Usually a cross-bred cow
should come in heat between 18 to 24 months of age and after calving it should again be pregnant within three months.
Target should be to get one calf per year from one animal.
Repeat Breeding
Any cow not conceiving inspite of three inseminations is considered as repeat breeder. Animal owners can take
care of this condition by themselves some extent. Firstly, a cow taken for insemination should be in perfact oestrus. That
can be identified very easily by following observations.
- She mounts on or stands to be mnounted by other animals.
- She bellows.
- There is discharge from vulva.
- Cow is restless, food intake is less and milk yield is reduced.
- In buffaloes, there is a very typical sign of frequent urination. If you observe a buffalo in estrus for about a minute,
she will urinate 3-4 times in that small duration.
So, always get your animal inseminated, only when she is in good heat, Remember that :
- The discharge should be absolutely transparant. Presence of any colour is indicative of infection of genital tract.
Such animals should be given suitable treatment before insemination.
- Normal duration of oestrus in cattle is around 19 hr. Any cow found in heat should be taken for AI in the middle or
end of estrus. In other workds, a cow detected in oestrus in the morning should be taken for AI in the evening. If
the duration of estrus is longer, another insemination should be done 12 hr. after first one.
- Always get the animal inseminated from a competant person. Laymen or quacks spoil genitalia of animals and
such animals become sterile and can not be treated.
- A veterinarian is the best judge to decide wheather a particular animal is fit for insemination or not, So never inist
or force him to inseminate the animal. If he sugests to some treatment before AI, follow it.
Management of retained placenta
Placenta (sal) should be expelled by the dam within 6-8 hr of calving. Retension after 12 hr can lead to serious
consequences. The important points to be considered in these cases are :
DO’s
* Milk the animal soon after calving or allow the calf to suckle.
* Seggregate the animal
* Clean the perineal area, udder of the animal with light potassium permanganate solution.
* Disinfect the shed.
* Cut the exposed part of placenta at the level of tail.
* Send a part of placenta and blood sample in ice to nearest disease investigation laboratory with the help of
veterinarian.
* Call the veterinarian if afterbirth is retained for more than 8 hrs.
Dont’s
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