Review of Inhalants - ARCHIVES - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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urine as indices <strong>of</strong> styrene exposure. Int Arch Arbeitsmed, 32:93-101, 1974. Ikeda, M., and H. Ohtsuji. Significance <strong>of</strong> urinary hippuric acid determination as an index <strong>of</strong> toluene exposure. Br J Ind Med, 26:244-6, 1969. Ikeda, M., and H. Ohtsuji. Phenobarbital-induced protection against toxicity <strong>of</strong> toluene and benzene in the rat. Pharmacol, 20:30-43, 1971. Toxicol Appl Ikeda, M., H. Ohtsuji, and T. Imamura. In vivo suppression <strong>of</strong> benzene and styrene oxidation by co-administered toluene in rats and effects <strong>of</strong> phenobarbital. Xenobiotica, 2:101-6, 1972. Ishii, N., A. Herskowitz, and H. Schaumburg. n-Hexane polyneuropathy: A clinical and experimental study. J Neuropath Exp Neurol, 31:198, 1972. Jenkins, L., Jr., R. Jones, and J. Siegel. Long-term inhalation screening studies <strong>of</strong> benzene, toluene, o-xylene, and cumene on experimental animals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 16:818-23, 1970. Joyner, R., and W. Pegues. A health hazard associated with epoxy resin concrete dust. J Occup Med, 3:211-4, 1961. Juzwiak, I. Studies on the state <strong>of</strong> health <strong>of</strong> shoe plant workers exposed to benzene and its homologues. Med Przemyslowa, 20:67- 72, 1969. Kats, B. Toxic-chemical injury <strong>of</strong> the liver with styrene under production conditions. Gig Tr Pr<strong>of</strong> Zabol, 6:21-4, 1962. Kelly, T. Prolonged cerebellar dysfunction associated with paint sniffing. Pediatrics, 56:605-6, 1975. Kimura, E., D. Ebert, and P. Dodge. Acute toxicity and limits <strong>of</strong> solvent residue for sixteen organic solvents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 19:699-704, 1971. Kissling, M., and B. Speck. Chromosome aberrations in experimental benzene intoxication. Helv Med Acta, 36:59-66, 1969. Knoepfler, P. “Pleasure-enhancing” sex devices. Med Aspects <strong>of</strong> Human Sexuality, 11:17, June 1977. Knox, J., and J. Nelson. Permanent encephalopathy from toluene inhalation. N Engl J Med, 275:1494-6, 1966. Kojima, T., and H. Kobayashi. Toxicological study on toluene poisoning by inhalation. Correlation <strong>of</strong> toluene concentrations for 155
exposure with mortality and toluene tissue levels. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi, 27:282-6, 1973. Korobkin, R., A. Asbury, A. Summer, and S. Nielsen. Gluesniffing neuropathy Arch Neurol, 32(3):158-62, March 1975. Krantz, J., Jr., C. Carr, and J. Vitcha. Anesthesia. XXXI. A study <strong>of</strong> cyclic and noncyclic hydrocarbons on cardiac automaticity . J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 94:315-8, 1948. Kucera, J. Exposure to fat solvents--A possible cause <strong>of</strong> sacral agenesis in man. J Pediatr, 72:857-9, 1968. Kurita, H. Experimental studies on the effects <strong>of</strong> n-hexane to albino rats. Jpn J Ind Health, 9:24-7, 1967. Lane. Gasoline and other motor fuels. In: Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Chemical Technology, vol. 10, 2nd ed. New York; Interscience, 1966. Law, W., and E. Nelson Gasoline-sniffing by an adult. JAMA, 204:1002-4, 1968. Lawton, J., and C. Malmquist Gasoline addiction in children. Psychiatr Q, 35:555-61, 1961. Lee, E., J. Kocsis, and R. Snyder. Acute effect <strong>of</strong> benzene on 59 Fe incorporation into circulating erythrocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 27:431-6, 1974 Leibman, K. Metabolism and toxicity <strong>of</strong> styrene. Environ Health Perspec, 11:115-9, 1975. Lindstrom, K. Psychological performances <strong>of</strong> workers exposed to various solvents. Work Environ Health, 10(3):151-5, 1973. Longley, E., A. Jones, R. Welch, and O. Lomaev. Two acute toluene episodes in merchant ships. Arch Environ Health, 14:481- 7, 1967. Louria, D. Sexual use <strong>of</strong> amyl nitrite. Med Aspects <strong>of</strong> Human Sexuality, 4:89, January 1970. Lurie, J. Acute toluene poisoning. S Afr Med J, 23:233-6, 1949. Machle, W. Gasoline intoxication JAMA, 117:1965-71, 1941. Mackell, J., F. Rieders, H. Brieger, and E. Bauer. Acute hemolytic anemia due to ingestion <strong>of</strong> naphthalene moth balls. Pediatrics, 1:722-8, 1951. 156
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Review of<
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Research Triangl
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PREFACE Inhaling psychotropic subst
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Perhaps society can begin to look o
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Mr. Joseph P. Nachtman Graduate Res
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CONTENTS (con.) Danger to Self and
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CONTENTS (con.) Acute Toxicity <str
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CONTENTS (con.) Chapter 11 Nervous
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CONTENTS (con.) Areas of</s
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Chapter 1 INHALANT ABUSE: AN OVERVI
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A special group of
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intoxication. Industrial workers ar
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most common complaints noted during
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SUMMARY Inhalant abuse, a youthful
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SOCIOCULTURAL-EPIDEMlOlOGlCAL ASPEC
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use of mind alteri
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2. Another reason is the nature <st
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Rates for inhalant use are on about
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with Indians, and blacks also are m
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Chambers, C., J. Inciardi, H. Siega
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Appendix SUMMARY OF EXPLORATORY STU
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New York Miami Louisville Los Angel
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Chapter 3 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PS
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peer ratings of re
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The literature generally provides l
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MENTAL STATUS OF USERS Cognitive Di
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Tinklenberg and Woodrow (1974) cont
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Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome (O
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Beer Marihuana Spray paint Liquor G
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Lachar and his colleagues (in press
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work setting while providing for an
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2. sniffing, unobtrusive or nonreac
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De la Garza, F., I. Mendiola, and S
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Maletzky, B. Assisted covert sensit
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MEDICAL EVALUATION OF INHALANT ABUS
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are not actively avoided. Table 1 s
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF CLINICAL SYNDROM
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Aerosols Abuse of
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either peripheral neuropathy or myo
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DATA SUMMARY Table 2 summarizes the
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Ear disease Nose, sinus, throat Fai
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over-the-counter drugs or use <stro
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The patient is asked to stand, to w
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Bass, M. Sudden sniffing death. JAM
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Storms, W. Chlorof
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(Taher et al., 1974), permanent adv
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during the course of</stron
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abuser, particular attention would
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Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
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NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY A. Record onse
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NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION (Items to
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VII. FACIAL MOTOR (VOLITIONAL, EMOT
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E. SENSORY: Chart deficits in: Pain
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Chapter 6 INTRODUCTION Daniel Couri
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TABLE 1 OCCURRENCES OF VOLATILE SUB
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Chapter 7 ABUSE OF INHALATION ANEST
Page 125 and 126: GASES Name Nitrous Oxide Ethylene C
Page 127 and 128: Generic Name Trade Nitrous Oxide No
Page 129 and 130: INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF ANESTHETIC
Page 131 and 132: Deniker, P., M. Cottereau, H. Lôo,
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 8 TOXlCOLOGY OF ALCOHOLS, K
Page 135 and 136: The time course of
Page 137 and 138: TABLE 1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF ALCOHOLS
Page 139 and 140: Industrial exposure to ketones occu
Page 141 and 142: Despite widespread use of</
Page 143 and 144: It has been shown that methyl ethyl
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 9 TOXICOLOGY OF ALIPHATIC A
Page 147 and 148: percent of an oral
Page 149 and 150: individuality in resistancce to ben
Page 151 and 152: to intoxicate himself within 1 to 3
Page 153 and 154: Organ Toxicity Animal. Toxicity stu
Page 155 and 156: 1961). The threshold limit value fo
Page 157 and 158: imately 3 percent of</stron
Page 159 and 160: several intermediates to 1,2-dihydr
Page 161 and 162: n-Hexante n-Hexane (CH 3(CH 2) 4CH
Page 163 and 164: toxicity. Frommer et al. (1974) not
Page 165 and 166: gests that death may result in some
Page 167 and 168: incoordination, prostration, and co
Page 169 and 170: i.v. the LD 50 was 51 mg/kg Dewey e
Page 171 and 172: II. Animal and human response to va
Page 173 and 174: Elkins, H. The chemistry of
Page 175: Grant, W. Toxicology of</st
Page 179 and 180: Nomiyama, K. Studies on poisoning b
Page 181 and 182: Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
Page 183 and 184: Tauber, J. Instant benzol death. J
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 10 PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Page 187 and 188: TABLE 1 INHALATIONAL TOXlCITY OF FL
Page 189 and 190: There is no question that methylene
Page 191 and 192: In the canine heart-lung preparatio
Page 193 and 194: is used as a solvent in cosmetic an
Page 195 and 196: mean aortic pressure, and mean pulm
Page 197 and 198: Pretreatment of ra
Page 199 and 200: FC 11 FC 12 Compound Carbon tetrach
Page 201 and 202: National I
Page 203 and 204: Their toxicity and potential danger
Page 205 and 206: Zakhari, S., and D. Aviado. Cardiop
Page 207 and 208: include photophobia, irritation <st
Page 209 and 210: compound or of ano
Page 211 and 212: portions of the sc
Page 213 and 214: chicken, cat, rat, and mouse. The k
Page 215 and 216: The combined solvents encountered i
Page 217 and 218: CONCLUDING REMARKS Little is known
Page 219 and 220: Saida. K, J. Mendell, and H. Weiss.
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 12 PRECLINICAL BEHAVIORAL T
Page 223 and 224: The squirrel monkey has been shown
Page 225 and 226: dependency. It may be possihle to i
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spectrum of solven
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without adverse effects. Threshold
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espiratory arrest at higher concent
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ear problems (Patterson and Bartlet
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Ishikawa and Schmidt (1973) noted t
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statistically significant, it is di
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The very early age at which solvent
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Bushnell P., P. Malof</stro
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Parkhouse, J., J. Henrie, G. Duncan
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SUMMARY 225
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PREVENTION Abuse prevention is inte
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generally, to not using those subst
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drugs. Typical situations o
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to use appropriate controls or comp
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ents and neighbors in recreational
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eyond a week or two. This may be du
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not appear to be too useful as a te
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protocol for exposing an animal to
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 243
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Abdel-Rahman, M., L. Hetland, and D
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Angel, C., H. Bounds, and A. Perry.
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Anonymous. Hepatorenal damage from
Page 272 and 273:
Aono, K., H. Tateishi, and D. Karas
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Azar, A., H. Trochimowicz, J. Terri
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Bateman, M. Functional taxonomy <st
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Berlin, M., J. Gage, and E. Jonnson
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Bonnevie, A. [Letter: Acid hardened
Page 282 and 283:
Buday, M., M. Labant, and G. Soós.
Page 284 and 285:
. Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity st
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Clearfield, H. Hepatorenal toxicity
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Criteria Document. Criteria for a r
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Deguchi, T. Changes in serum trans
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DiVincenzo, G., F. Yanno, and B. As
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Dürr, M. Pressurized aerosols. A n
Page 296 and 297:
Faure, J., H. Faure, M. Yacoub, R.
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Forni, A., A. Cappellini, E Pacific
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Gellman, V. Glue-sniffing among Win
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Gothe, C., P. Ovrum, and B. Hallen.
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Haraszti, A., and M. Sovari. Fatal
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Herbolsheimer, R., and L. Funk. [Ga
Page 308 and 309:
Huff, J. New evidence on the old pr
Page 310 and 311:
. The interaction of</stron
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Kaminski, M., et al. Some histochem
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. Metabolism, excretion, and toxico
Page 316 and 317:
Konyaeva, A., and F. Vishnevetskii.
Page 318 and 319:
Lafontaine, A., et al. Toxicity <st
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October 24-26, 1973. Conclusions an
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Lovius, B. Letter: Aerosol adhesive
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mation by mass spectrometry. Novemb
Page 326 and 327:
Merry, J. Glue sniffing and heroin
Page 328 and 329:
Mouton, N. [28 cases of</st
Page 330 and 331:
Niazi, S., and W. Chiou. Fluorocarb
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of trichloroethyle
Page 334 and 335:
Patterson, M., and P. Bartlett. Hea
Page 336 and 337:
Posner, H. Biohazards of</s
Page 338 and 339:
Ratney, R., D. Wegman, and H. Elkin
Page 340 and 341:
Rosenberg, P. The effect of
Page 342 and 343:
Sato, Y., and M. Maruyama. Immunolo
Page 344 and 345:
Schmidt, P., I. Ulanova, G. Avilova
Page 346 and 347:
Shepard, R., and J. Rose. Alcohol.
Page 348 and 349:
Sjöberg C. [Hobby activity and dea
Page 350 and 351:
Spierdijk, J., and V. Regjer. Dange
Page 352 and 353:
Strusevich, E., V. Fedianina, O. Sa
Page 354 and 355:
. Cardiovascular effects of
Page 356 and 357:
Tinklenberg, J., and K. Woodrow. Dr
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Trochimowicz, H., A. Azar, J. Terri
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arbital sleeping and zoxazolamine p
Page 362 and 363:
Waizer, P., S. Baez, and L. Orkin.
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Wijekoon, P., N. Sivaramakrishna, a
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Zimmerman, S., K. Groehler, and G.
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4 NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS: THE SEARCH
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27 PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE, 197
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44 MARIJUANA EFFECTS ON THE ENDOCRI
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DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 85-533 P
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