Review of Inhalants - ARCHIVES - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Lovius, B. Letter: Aerosol adhesives: A possible hazard? Br Dent J, 139(2):41, 15 July 1975. Lowry, L., R. Vandervort, and P. Polak<strong>of</strong>f. Biological indicators <strong>of</strong> occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. J Occup Med, 16(2):98-101, February 1974. . Urinary trichloroethanol as a biological indicator <strong>of</strong> occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Clin Chem, 19(6):667, 1973. Lupulescu, A., and D. Birmingham. Effect <strong>of</strong> protective agent against lipid-solvent-induced damages. Ultrastructural and scanning electron microscopical study <strong>of</strong> human epidermis. Arch Environ Health, 31(1):33-6, January-February 1976. Lupulescu, A., D. Birmingham, and H. Pinkus. An electron microscopic study <strong>of</strong> human epidermis after acetone and kerosene administration. J Invest Dermatol, 60(1):33-45, 1973. Lupulescu, A., H. Pinkus, and D. Birmingham. Effect <strong>of</strong> acetone and kerosene on skin ultrastructure. Proc, Electron Microsc Soc Amer, 30:92-3, 1972. Luria, E., et al. On a case <strong>of</strong> toxicomania due to trichloroethylene inhalation. G Psichiat Neuropat, 93:743, 1965. Luzhnikov, E., A. Andriukin, A. Savina, V. Aleksandrovski, and V. Ananchenko. [Pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> acute dichlorethane poisoning.] Ter Arkh, 46(1):131-5, 1974. Lynn, E., et al. Non-medical use <strong>of</strong> nitrous oxide: A preliminary report. Mich Med: 203-4, March 1971. MacDonald, I., and J. Mackenzie. Halothane 0.2-4% analysis by gas chromatography. Br J Anaesth, 48(6):519-20, June 1976. MacEwen, J., E. Kinkead, and C. Haun. A study <strong>of</strong> the biological effect <strong>of</strong> continuous inhalation exposure <strong>of</strong> 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chlor<strong>of</strong>orm) on animals. California University at Irvine, Toxic Hazards Research Unit, NASA-CR-134323, 1974. MacEwen, J., and E. Vernot. Toxic Hazards Research Unit annual technical report: 1970. Dayton, Ohio: Systemed Corporation, W70005, August 1970. MacFarland, R. Inhalation toxicology. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 58(4):689-91, July 1975. MacLeod, W., Jr., D. Green, and E. Seet. Automated analysis <strong>of</strong> phencyclidine in urine by probability based matching GC/MS. Clin Toxicol, 9(4):561-72, 1976. 301
Magos, L., W. Butler, I. White, and A. Green. Pretreatment influences on SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, levels and liver damage after inhalation <strong>of</strong> carbon tetrachloride. Life Sci, 15(9):1631-7, 1974. Majeron, M., A. Mascetti, and L. Finavera. [Polyneuropathy caused by industrial glues. Clinical case.] Minerva Med, 66(80): 4265-8, 24 November 1975. Malcolm, A. Sniffers get break...in chromosomes. Med World News, 21 March 1969. Malcolm, R., M. Keeler, and W. Miller. Phencyclidine toxicity: “Animal tranquilizer” reactions. Dis Nerv Syst, 37(10):590-2, October 1976. Maletzky, B. Assisted covert sensitization for drug abuse. Int J Addict, 9(3):411-29, 1974. Maliarova, L., and N. Nesterova. [Determination <strong>of</strong> aromatic compounds (benzol and its homologues) in the air by the gasliquid chromatography method.] Gig Tr Pr<strong>of</strong> Zabol, 16(4):58-60, April 1972. Mallov, J. MBK neuropathy among spray painters. JAMA, 235 (14):455-7, 1976. Manasiev, E., and N. Iliev. [Problems and symptoms <strong>of</strong> dependence in the exposure to trichloroethylene.] Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 27(4):313-20, 1976. Mapes, J. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> lipogenesis by halothane in isolated rat liver cells. Biochem J, 162(1):47-50, 15 January 1977. Marchand, M., et al. Drug addictions in the industrial sphere. Evol Med, 17:107, 1973. Marier, G., H. MacFarland, and P. Dussault , Study <strong>of</strong> blood fluorocarbon levels following exposures to a variety <strong>of</strong> household aerosols. Aerosol Age, 18(12):30-1, 1973. Mark, I. [Sniffing--a form <strong>of</strong> addiction.] Ugeskr Laeger, 131 (39):1661-5, 25 September 1969. Maroni, M., C. Bulgheroni, M. Cassitto, F. Merluzzi, R. Gilioli, and V. Foà. A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study <strong>of</strong> female workers exposed to 1,1,1- trichloroethane. Scand J Work Environ Health, 3(1):16-22, March 1977. Martin, G., and E. Caress. Ethyl acetate and fuse1 oil determination in distilled spirits by gas-liquid chromatography and confir- 302
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Review of<
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Research Triangl
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PREFACE Inhaling psychotropic subst
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Perhaps society can begin to look o
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Mr. Joseph P. Nachtman Graduate Res
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CONTENTS (con.) Danger to Self and
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CONTENTS (con.) Acute Toxicity <str
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CONTENTS (con.) Chapter 11 Nervous
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CONTENTS (con.) Areas of</s
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Chapter 1 INHALANT ABUSE: AN OVERVI
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A special group of
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intoxication. Industrial workers ar
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most common complaints noted during
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SUMMARY Inhalant abuse, a youthful
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SOCIOCULTURAL-EPIDEMlOlOGlCAL ASPEC
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use of mind alteri
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2. Another reason is the nature <st
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Rates for inhalant use are on about
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with Indians, and blacks also are m
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Chambers, C., J. Inciardi, H. Siega
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Appendix SUMMARY OF EXPLORATORY STU
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New York Miami Louisville Los Angel
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Chapter 3 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PS
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peer ratings of re
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The literature generally provides l
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MENTAL STATUS OF USERS Cognitive Di
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Tinklenberg and Woodrow (1974) cont
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Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome (O
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Beer Marihuana Spray paint Liquor G
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Lachar and his colleagues (in press
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work setting while providing for an
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2. sniffing, unobtrusive or nonreac
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De la Garza, F., I. Mendiola, and S
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Maletzky, B. Assisted covert sensit
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MEDICAL EVALUATION OF INHALANT ABUS
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are not actively avoided. Table 1 s
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF CLINICAL SYNDROM
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Aerosols Abuse of
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either peripheral neuropathy or myo
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DATA SUMMARY Table 2 summarizes the
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Ear disease Nose, sinus, throat Fai
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over-the-counter drugs or use <stro
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The patient is asked to stand, to w
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Bass, M. Sudden sniffing death. JAM
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Storms, W. Chlorof
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(Taher et al., 1974), permanent adv
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during the course of</stron
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abuser, particular attention would
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Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
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NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY A. Record onse
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NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION (Items to
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VII. FACIAL MOTOR (VOLITIONAL, EMOT
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E. SENSORY: Chart deficits in: Pain
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Chapter 6 INTRODUCTION Daniel Couri
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TABLE 1 OCCURRENCES OF VOLATILE SUB
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Chapter 7 ABUSE OF INHALATION ANEST
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GASES Name Nitrous Oxide Ethylene C
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Generic Name Trade Nitrous Oxide No
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INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF ANESTHETIC
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Deniker, P., M. Cottereau, H. Lôo,
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Chapter 8 TOXlCOLOGY OF ALCOHOLS, K
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The time course of
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TABLE 1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF ALCOHOLS
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Industrial exposure to ketones occu
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Despite widespread use of</
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It has been shown that methyl ethyl
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Chapter 9 TOXICOLOGY OF ALIPHATIC A
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percent of an oral
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individuality in resistancce to ben
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to intoxicate himself within 1 to 3
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Organ Toxicity Animal. Toxicity stu
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1961). The threshold limit value fo
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imately 3 percent of</stron
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several intermediates to 1,2-dihydr
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n-Hexante n-Hexane (CH 3(CH 2) 4CH
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toxicity. Frommer et al. (1974) not
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gests that death may result in some
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incoordination, prostration, and co
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i.v. the LD 50 was 51 mg/kg Dewey e
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II. Animal and human response to va
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Elkins, H. The chemistry of
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Grant, W. Toxicology of</st
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exposure with mortality and toluene
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Nomiyama, K. Studies on poisoning b
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Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
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Tauber, J. Instant benzol death. J
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Chapter 10 PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
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TABLE 1 INHALATIONAL TOXlCITY OF FL
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There is no question that methylene
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In the canine heart-lung preparatio
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is used as a solvent in cosmetic an
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mean aortic pressure, and mean pulm
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Pretreatment of ra
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FC 11 FC 12 Compound Carbon tetrach
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National I
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Their toxicity and potential danger
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Zakhari, S., and D. Aviado. Cardiop
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include photophobia, irritation <st
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compound or of ano
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portions of the sc
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chicken, cat, rat, and mouse. The k
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The combined solvents encountered i
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CONCLUDING REMARKS Little is known
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Saida. K, J. Mendell, and H. Weiss.
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Chapter 12 PRECLINICAL BEHAVIORAL T
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The squirrel monkey has been shown
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dependency. It may be possihle to i
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spectrum of solven
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without adverse effects. Threshold
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espiratory arrest at higher concent
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ear problems (Patterson and Bartlet
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Ishikawa and Schmidt (1973) noted t
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statistically significant, it is di
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The very early age at which solvent
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Bushnell P., P. Malof</stro
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Parkhouse, J., J. Henrie, G. Duncan
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SUMMARY 225
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PREVENTION Abuse prevention is inte
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generally, to not using those subst
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drugs. Typical situations o
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to use appropriate controls or comp
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ents and neighbors in recreational
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eyond a week or two. This may be du
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not appear to be too useful as a te
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protocol for exposing an animal to
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 243
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Abdel-Rahman, M., L. Hetland, and D
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Angel, C., H. Bounds, and A. Perry.
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Anonymous. Hepatorenal damage from
Page 272 and 273: Aono, K., H. Tateishi, and D. Karas
Page 274 and 275: Azar, A., H. Trochimowicz, J. Terri
Page 276 and 277: Bateman, M. Functional taxonomy <st
Page 278 and 279: Berlin, M., J. Gage, and E. Jonnson
Page 280 and 281: Bonnevie, A. [Letter: Acid hardened
Page 282 and 283: Buday, M., M. Labant, and G. Soós.
Page 284 and 285: . Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity st
Page 286 and 287: Clearfield, H. Hepatorenal toxicity
Page 288 and 289: Criteria Document. Criteria for a r
Page 290 and 291: Deguchi, T. Changes in serum trans
Page 292 and 293: DiVincenzo, G., F. Yanno, and B. As
Page 294 and 295: Dürr, M. Pressurized aerosols. A n
Page 296 and 297: Faure, J., H. Faure, M. Yacoub, R.
Page 298 and 299: Forni, A., A. Cappellini, E Pacific
Page 300 and 301: Gellman, V. Glue-sniffing among Win
Page 302 and 303: Gothe, C., P. Ovrum, and B. Hallen.
Page 304 and 305: Haraszti, A., and M. Sovari. Fatal
Page 306 and 307: Herbolsheimer, R., and L. Funk. [Ga
Page 308 and 309: Huff, J. New evidence on the old pr
Page 310 and 311: . The interaction of</stron
Page 312 and 313: Kaminski, M., et al. Some histochem
Page 314 and 315: . Metabolism, excretion, and toxico
Page 316 and 317: Konyaeva, A., and F. Vishnevetskii.
Page 318 and 319: Lafontaine, A., et al. Toxicity <st
Page 320 and 321: October 24-26, 1973. Conclusions an
Page 324 and 325: mation by mass spectrometry. Novemb
Page 326 and 327: Merry, J. Glue sniffing and heroin
Page 328 and 329: Mouton, N. [28 cases of</st
Page 330 and 331: Niazi, S., and W. Chiou. Fluorocarb
Page 332 and 333: of trichloroethyle
Page 334 and 335: Patterson, M., and P. Bartlett. Hea
Page 336 and 337: Posner, H. Biohazards of</s
Page 338 and 339: Ratney, R., D. Wegman, and H. Elkin
Page 340 and 341: Rosenberg, P. The effect of
Page 342 and 343: Sato, Y., and M. Maruyama. Immunolo
Page 344 and 345: Schmidt, P., I. Ulanova, G. Avilova
Page 346 and 347: Shepard, R., and J. Rose. Alcohol.
Page 348 and 349: Sjöberg C. [Hobby activity and dea
Page 350 and 351: Spierdijk, J., and V. Regjer. Dange
Page 352 and 353: Strusevich, E., V. Fedianina, O. Sa
Page 354 and 355: . Cardiovascular effects of
Page 356 and 357: Tinklenberg, J., and K. Woodrow. Dr
Page 358 and 359: Trochimowicz, H., A. Azar, J. Terri
Page 360 and 361: arbital sleeping and zoxazolamine p
Page 362 and 363: Waizer, P., S. Baez, and L. Orkin.
Page 364 and 365: Wijekoon, P., N. Sivaramakrishna, a
Page 366 and 367: Zimmerman, S., K. Groehler, and G.
Page 368 and 369: 4 NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS: THE SEARCH
Page 370 and 371: 27 PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE, 197
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44 MARIJUANA EFFECTS ON THE ENDOCRI
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DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 85-533 P
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