Review of Inhalants - ARCHIVES - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Forni, A., A. Cappellini, E Pacifico, and E. Vigliani. Chromosome changes and their evolution in subjects with past exposure to benzene. Arch Environ Health, 23(5):385-91, November 1971. Fort, J. Comparison chart <strong>of</strong> major substances used for mind alteration. Am J Nurs, 71(9):1740-1, September 1971. Frankel, D. Nitrous oxide and hypoxic ventilatory responses [letter]. Anesthesiology, 46(4):308, April 1977. Franks, C., P. Hudson, A. Rees, and J. Searle. Accidental intravenous halothane. Guys Hosp Rep, 123(1):89-95, 1974. Freund, G. Induction <strong>of</strong> physical dependence on alcohol in rodents. Adv Exp Med Biol, 56:311-25, 1975. Friborská, A. Some cytochemical findings in the peripheral white blood cells in workers exposed to toluene. Folia Haematol (Leipz), 99(2):233-7, 1973. Friedman, S., M. Cammarato, and D. Aviado, Toxicity <strong>of</strong> aerosol propellants on the respiratory and circulatory systems. II. Respiratory and bronchopulmonary effects in the rat. Toxicology, 1(4):345-55, December 1973. Friess, S., W. Hudak, and R. Boyer . Changes in rat respiratorv behavior under varying PCO2 levels and argon content in hyperbaric Ar-02-CO2 atmospheres. Undersea Biomed Res, 3(2): 85-94, June 1976. Frommer, U., V. Ullrich, and S. Orrenius. Influence <strong>of</strong> inducers and inhibitors on the hydroxylation pattern <strong>of</strong> N-hexane in rat liver microsomes. Febs Lett, 41(1):14-6, 15 April 1974. Frommer, U., V. Ullrich, H. Staudinger, and S. Orrenius. The monooxygenation <strong>of</strong> n-heptane by rat liver microsomes. Biochem Biophys Acta, 280:487-94, 1972. Gadaskina, I., A. Buzina, and O. Dor<strong>of</strong>eeva. [Characteristics <strong>of</strong> the biotransformation <strong>of</strong> benzene in young rabbits.] Gig Sanit, 38(3):30-3, March 1973. Gaidenko, G., V. Zaugolnikov, and I. Zaitsev. [The selective action <strong>of</strong> fluothane and methoxyflurane on cortical and non-specific ascending brain stem systems.] Farmakol Toksikol, 26(4):392- 5, July-August 1973. Gamberale, F., G. Annwall, and M. Hultengren. Exposure to methylene chloride. II. Psychological functions. Scand J Work Environ Health, 1(2):95-103, June 1975. 277
. Exposure to white spirit. II. Psychological functions. Scand J Work Environ Health, 1(1):31-9, March 1976. Gamberale, F., G Annwall, and B. Olson. Exposure to tricloroethylene. III. Psychological functions. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2(4):220-4. December 1976. Gamberale, F, and M. Hultengren. Toluene exposure. II. Psychophysiological functions. Work Environ Health, 9(3):131-9, 1972. Gamberale, F., and G. Svensson. The effect <strong>of</strong> anesthetic gases on the psychomotor and perceptual functions <strong>of</strong> anesthestic nurses. Work Environ Health, 11(2):108-13, 1974. Gambini, G., and G. Farina. [Hepatic function in workers exposed to inhalation <strong>of</strong> chlor<strong>of</strong>orm vapors.] Med Lav, 64(11):432-6, November 1973. Garnage, J., and E. Zerkin. The deliberate inhalation <strong>of</strong> volatile substances. <strong>National</strong> Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information, Series 30, No. 1, U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Health, Education, and Welfare, 1974. Garson, O., and A. Blackstock. Chromosome studies in users <strong>of</strong> spray adhesives. Med J Aust, 2(22):837-8, 27 November 1976. Gaultier, M., G. Rancurel, C. Piva, M. Efthymiou. [Polyneuritis and aliphatic hydrocarbons.] Eur J Toxicol, 6(6):294-6, November-December 1973. Gaussel, J., et al. Toxicomanies rares. 1051-61, 1971. Rev Prat (Paris), 21: Gavriliuk, A., A. Melnik, and S. Iurzhenko. [Biological activity <strong>of</strong> ampulated amyl nitrite depending on its stabilization and the type <strong>of</strong> ampule covering.] Farm Zh, 26(6):41-3, 1971. Gehring, P. Hepatotoxic potency <strong>of</strong> various chlorinated hydrocarbon vapours relative to their narcotic and lethal potencies in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 13:287-98, 1968. Gelfand, B., and V. Koshkin. [Clinical aspects <strong>of</strong> the pharmacokinetics <strong>of</strong> fluothane and methoxyflurane.] Vestn Khir, 111(7): 109-13, July 1973. Geller, I., and J. Rowlands. Inhalation studies <strong>of</strong> volatile hydrocarbons. U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> Health, Education, and Welfare, <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug Abuse, 1976-77. 278
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Review of<
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Research Triangl
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PREFACE Inhaling psychotropic subst
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Perhaps society can begin to look o
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Mr. Joseph P. Nachtman Graduate Res
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CONTENTS (con.) Danger to Self and
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CONTENTS (con.) Acute Toxicity <str
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CONTENTS (con.) Chapter 11 Nervous
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CONTENTS (con.) Areas of</s
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Chapter 1 INHALANT ABUSE: AN OVERVI
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A special group of
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intoxication. Industrial workers ar
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most common complaints noted during
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SUMMARY Inhalant abuse, a youthful
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SOCIOCULTURAL-EPIDEMlOlOGlCAL ASPEC
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use of mind alteri
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2. Another reason is the nature <st
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Rates for inhalant use are on about
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with Indians, and blacks also are m
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Chambers, C., J. Inciardi, H. Siega
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Appendix SUMMARY OF EXPLORATORY STU
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New York Miami Louisville Los Angel
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Chapter 3 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PS
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peer ratings of re
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The literature generally provides l
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MENTAL STATUS OF USERS Cognitive Di
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Tinklenberg and Woodrow (1974) cont
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Psychotic Organic Brain Syndrome (O
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Beer Marihuana Spray paint Liquor G
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Lachar and his colleagues (in press
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work setting while providing for an
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2. sniffing, unobtrusive or nonreac
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De la Garza, F., I. Mendiola, and S
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Maletzky, B. Assisted covert sensit
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MEDICAL EVALUATION OF INHALANT ABUS
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are not actively avoided. Table 1 s
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TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF CLINICAL SYNDROM
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Aerosols Abuse of
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either peripheral neuropathy or myo
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DATA SUMMARY Table 2 summarizes the
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Ear disease Nose, sinus, throat Fai
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over-the-counter drugs or use <stro
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The patient is asked to stand, to w
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Bass, M. Sudden sniffing death. JAM
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Storms, W. Chlorof
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(Taher et al., 1974), permanent adv
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during the course of</stron
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abuser, particular attention would
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Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
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NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY A. Record onse
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NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION (Items to
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VII. FACIAL MOTOR (VOLITIONAL, EMOT
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E. SENSORY: Chart deficits in: Pain
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Chapter 6 INTRODUCTION Daniel Couri
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TABLE 1 OCCURRENCES OF VOLATILE SUB
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Chapter 7 ABUSE OF INHALATION ANEST
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GASES Name Nitrous Oxide Ethylene C
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Generic Name Trade Nitrous Oxide No
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INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF ANESTHETIC
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Deniker, P., M. Cottereau, H. Lôo,
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Chapter 8 TOXlCOLOGY OF ALCOHOLS, K
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The time course of
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TABLE 1 ACUTE TOXICITY OF ALCOHOLS
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Industrial exposure to ketones occu
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Despite widespread use of</
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It has been shown that methyl ethyl
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Chapter 9 TOXICOLOGY OF ALIPHATIC A
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percent of an oral
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individuality in resistancce to ben
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to intoxicate himself within 1 to 3
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Organ Toxicity Animal. Toxicity stu
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1961). The threshold limit value fo
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imately 3 percent of</stron
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several intermediates to 1,2-dihydr
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n-Hexante n-Hexane (CH 3(CH 2) 4CH
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toxicity. Frommer et al. (1974) not
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gests that death may result in some
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incoordination, prostration, and co
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i.v. the LD 50 was 51 mg/kg Dewey e
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II. Animal and human response to va
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Elkins, H. The chemistry of
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Grant, W. Toxicology of</st
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exposure with mortality and toluene
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Nomiyama, K. Studies on poisoning b
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Reinhardt, C., A. Azar, M. Maxfield
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Tauber, J. Instant benzol death. J
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Chapter 10 PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
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TABLE 1 INHALATIONAL TOXlCITY OF FL
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There is no question that methylene
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In the canine heart-lung preparatio
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is used as a solvent in cosmetic an
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mean aortic pressure, and mean pulm
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Pretreatment of ra
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FC 11 FC 12 Compound Carbon tetrach
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National I
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Their toxicity and potential danger
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Zakhari, S., and D. Aviado. Cardiop
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include photophobia, irritation <st
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compound or of ano
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portions of the sc
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chicken, cat, rat, and mouse. The k
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The combined solvents encountered i
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CONCLUDING REMARKS Little is known
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Saida. K, J. Mendell, and H. Weiss.
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Chapter 12 PRECLINICAL BEHAVIORAL T
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The squirrel monkey has been shown
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dependency. It may be possihle to i
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spectrum of solven
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without adverse effects. Threshold
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espiratory arrest at higher concent
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ear problems (Patterson and Bartlet
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Ishikawa and Schmidt (1973) noted t
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statistically significant, it is di
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The very early age at which solvent
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Bushnell P., P. Malof</stro
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Parkhouse, J., J. Henrie, G. Duncan
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SUMMARY 225
Page 248 and 249: PREVENTION Abuse prevention is inte
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Page 252 and 253: drugs. Typical situations o
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Page 258 and 259: eyond a week or two. This may be du
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Page 264 and 265: BIBLIOGRAPHY 243
Page 266 and 267: Abdel-Rahman, M., L. Hetland, and D
Page 268 and 269: Angel, C., H. Bounds, and A. Perry.
Page 270 and 271: Anonymous. Hepatorenal damage from
Page 272 and 273: Aono, K., H. Tateishi, and D. Karas
Page 274 and 275: Azar, A., H. Trochimowicz, J. Terri
Page 276 and 277: Bateman, M. Functional taxonomy <st
Page 278 and 279: Berlin, M., J. Gage, and E. Jonnson
Page 280 and 281: Bonnevie, A. [Letter: Acid hardened
Page 282 and 283: Buday, M., M. Labant, and G. Soós.
Page 284 and 285: . Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity st
Page 286 and 287: Clearfield, H. Hepatorenal toxicity
Page 288 and 289: Criteria Document. Criteria for a r
Page 290 and 291: Deguchi, T. Changes in serum trans
Page 292 and 293: DiVincenzo, G., F. Yanno, and B. As
Page 294 and 295: Dürr, M. Pressurized aerosols. A n
Page 296 and 297: Faure, J., H. Faure, M. Yacoub, R.
Page 300 and 301: Gellman, V. Glue-sniffing among Win
Page 302 and 303: Gothe, C., P. Ovrum, and B. Hallen.
Page 304 and 305: Haraszti, A., and M. Sovari. Fatal
Page 306 and 307: Herbolsheimer, R., and L. Funk. [Ga
Page 308 and 309: Huff, J. New evidence on the old pr
Page 310 and 311: . The interaction of</stron
Page 312 and 313: Kaminski, M., et al. Some histochem
Page 314 and 315: . Metabolism, excretion, and toxico
Page 316 and 317: Konyaeva, A., and F. Vishnevetskii.
Page 318 and 319: Lafontaine, A., et al. Toxicity <st
Page 320 and 321: October 24-26, 1973. Conclusions an
Page 322 and 323: Lovius, B. Letter: Aerosol adhesive
Page 324 and 325: mation by mass spectrometry. Novemb
Page 326 and 327: Merry, J. Glue sniffing and heroin
Page 328 and 329: Mouton, N. [28 cases of</st
Page 330 and 331: Niazi, S., and W. Chiou. Fluorocarb
Page 332 and 333: of trichloroethyle
Page 334 and 335: Patterson, M., and P. Bartlett. Hea
Page 336 and 337: Posner, H. Biohazards of</s
Page 338 and 339: Ratney, R., D. Wegman, and H. Elkin
Page 340 and 341: Rosenberg, P. The effect of
Page 342 and 343: Sato, Y., and M. Maruyama. Immunolo
Page 344 and 345: Schmidt, P., I. Ulanova, G. Avilova
Page 346 and 347: Shepard, R., and J. Rose. Alcohol.
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Sjöberg C. [Hobby activity and dea
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Spierdijk, J., and V. Regjer. Dange
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Strusevich, E., V. Fedianina, O. Sa
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. Cardiovascular effects of
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Tinklenberg, J., and K. Woodrow. Dr
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Trochimowicz, H., A. Azar, J. Terri
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arbital sleeping and zoxazolamine p
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Waizer, P., S. Baez, and L. Orkin.
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Wijekoon, P., N. Sivaramakrishna, a
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Zimmerman, S., K. Groehler, and G.
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4 NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS: THE SEARCH
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27 PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE, 197
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44 MARIJUANA EFFECTS ON THE ENDOCRI
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DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 85-533 P
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