Workers League - Behind the US invasion of Somalia - Mehring Books
Workers League - Behind the US invasion of Somalia - Mehring Books
Workers League - Behind the US invasion of Somalia - Mehring Books
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<strong>of</strong> Glimpses <strong>of</strong> World History, a collection <strong>of</strong> letters to his daughter,<br />
Indira Gandhi, who later became prime minister <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
Nkrumah, Kwame (1909-1972) —Apolitical representative <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> national bourgeoisie in Ghana. He was prime minister <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
British-ruled Gold Coast from 1951, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Independent Republic<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ghana from 1957. He became its president in 1960,<br />
gradually assuming dictatorial powers. He was overthrown in a<br />
military coup in 1966.<br />
Sukarno (1901-1970) — President <strong>of</strong> Indonesia from 1945 until<br />
1967. From 1927, he was a leader <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bourgeois wing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
independence movement which opposed <strong>the</strong> Dutch occupation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> archipelago. Imprisoned by <strong>the</strong> Dutch colonial authorities from<br />
1933 to 1942, he was released by <strong>the</strong> Japanese with whom he<br />
collaborated. He was instrumental in creating <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Indonesia<br />
in 1945. Like many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r bourgeois nationalist figures <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> period, Sukarno attempted to maintain some political independence<br />
during <strong>the</strong> 1950s and 1960s by balancing between imperialism<br />
and Stalinism. The policy proved particularly disastrous for <strong>the</strong><br />
working class and peasantry, up to one million <strong>of</strong> whom were<br />
massacred by <strong>the</strong> army and its supporters following a military coup in<br />
1965. Sukarno was ousted and replaced by General Suharto.<br />
13. Potsdam Conference — Held in July-August 1945 in<br />
Potsdam, Germany, it was <strong>the</strong> last inter-Allied conference <strong>of</strong> World<br />
War II (earlier conferences took place at Tehran and Yalta). It was<br />
attended by <strong>the</strong> representatives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> victorious imperialist powers<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union. Truman represented <strong>the</strong> <strong>US</strong>, Stalin, <strong>the</strong> <strong>US</strong>SR<br />
and Churchill represented Britain until he was replaced by Clement<br />
Attlee. They agreed that a four-power Allied Control Council would<br />
rule defeated Germany.<br />
14. Molotov, VyacheslavMikhailovich (Skriabin) (1890-1986)<br />
— Stalin's right-hand man during <strong>the</strong> bloody liquidation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Russian Marxists in <strong>the</strong> 1930s. He functioned as president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Comintern during <strong>the</strong> disastrous ultraleft "Third Period" and as<br />
president <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> People's Commissars from 1930-1941.<br />
Later, as commissar <strong>of</strong> foreign affairs, he accompanied Stalin to <strong>the</strong><br />
Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. He opposed Khrushchev<br />
and <strong>the</strong> limited revelations <strong>of</strong> Stalin's crimes in 1956, and was ousted<br />
from <strong>the</strong> leadership. Expelled from <strong>the</strong> CPSU in 1961, he was<br />
readmitted in 1984.<br />
15. Nasser, Gamal Abdel (1918-1970) — Led a military coup<br />
d'etat which overthrew King Farouk <strong>of</strong> Egypt in 1952. He ended <strong>the</strong><br />
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