Teaching Modern Physics - QuarkNet - Fermilab

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The Cloud Chamber: In the Nobel Prize and in the Classroom The cloud chamber is a device that allows one to see tracks left by electrically charged particles (ions) as they pass through suitably prepared air. The instrument has been important in the history of particle physics. At least four Noble prizes have been awarded for work based on use of cloud chambers in particle physics. The 1927 Nobel Prize was split between C. T. R. Wilson for his invention of the Wilson cloud chamber and A. H. Compton for his discovery of the Compton Effect. The website http://nobelprize.org/physics/ (laureate/1927) is a good place to start an investigation of the cloud chamber. In particular, the selection of Wilson’s Nobel Lecture entitled “On the Cloud Method of Making Visible Ions and the Track of Ionizing Particles” is quite good. This is a 264kb file in *.pdf format. (The overall format of the Nobel Prize website is a biography of the laureate, her or his Nobel Lecture and also the Banquet Speech.) The 1936 Nobel Prize was split between Victor Hess, for his discovery of naturally occurring radiation called cosmic rays, and Carl Anderson, for his discovery of the positron, the antielectron. Hess did not use the cloud chamber for his discovery, but in his lecture he does refer to the use to which cloud chambers were put to further study cosmic rays. Anderson used the cloud chamber to observe the positron in cosmic rays. Again, the information from the site, http://nobelprize.org/physics/ (laureates/1936), should be consulted. P. M. S. Blackett was awarded the 1948 Physics Prize “for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation." His Nobel lecture is entitled “Cloud Chamber Researches in Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Rays.” Use http://nobelprize.org/physics/ (laureates/1948) for further information. The cloud chamber was augmented and superseded by numerous particle-detecting devices. In particular, the bubble chamber has produced many compelling visual presentations of interesting collisions in the history of particle physics. But the cloud chamber was first by a long shot, and a version the cloud chamber can be purchased and used in the classroom! The website, http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~adf4/cloud.html, provides instructions on how to build a cloud chamber and has good advice on how to use and view the tracks in the chamber. This is a rather short document, but one with lots of practical advice. Sections include: What you will need to build the chamber. What you will need to run the chamber. What you will see. What else you could do. Troubleshooting. How does this work? Cloud chambers suitable for classroom use may also be purchased. One source is Sargent-Welch. Their catalog item WL6892-A is called a Cloud Chamber Kit, listed for $61.35. A five-set kit is $293.00. Dry ice and alcohol must be purchased separately. The dry ice needed for this may be purchased at some ice cream shops. Alcohol from Walgreens, or whomever, has worked well for 195
us. An alternate “radiation” source that many teachers have found to work well is the lantern material for a Coleman-type lantern. The well-prepared teacher should set up several demonstration chambers, as all may not produce tracks. The teacher should also have a backup of pictures (Digital are cheap.) of tracks of chambers from a time when the chamber was working very well. A backup video of a wellfunctioning chamber is also a good item to have available for review purposes. Another good source for information on cloud chambers is a sister QuarkNet site, http://www.physics.smu.edu/~olness/quarknet/info.html. 196
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Materials for Teaching Modern Physi
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Which activities did you use in you
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Materials for Teaching Modern Physi
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QuarkNet is a nationwide program th
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Radioactivity PowerPoint Presentati
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Problems & Worksheets * This activi
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The Cloud Chamber: In the Nobel Pri
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Instructions for teacher to give to
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Teacher’s Key Constant Velocity P
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Sample Problem: Free Fall and Proje
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3. Cindy drops a cherry pit out the
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2. Running at 2 m/s, Chris, the 50-
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Analysis to prove that momentum was
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Teacher’s Key Circular Motion Pro
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Student Worksheet Constant Accelera
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Teacher’s Key Constant Accelerati
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The Electron 1. What is the value o
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The History of the Electron Workshe
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Student Worksheet Motion of Charged
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Particle Quiz 2 Answer each questio
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High V The Three Experiments in One
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For path B… The cathode ray inter
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In his experiment, Millikan tried t
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Notes on the Electron PowerPoint Pr
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Student Worksheet Index of Refracti
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Teacher’s Key Index of Refraction
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Student Worksheet WARP SPEED Step 1
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Step 1. Select Race for Energy and
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Teacher’s Notes The Half-Life of
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a. What do the graphs of the class
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Time (min) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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Radioactivity The emission of alpha
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Beta Particle • An electron emitt
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Penetrating Power Radioactive Sourc
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4a. Can a person, in principle, tra
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Modern Physics The Ultraviolet Cata
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By the way, the y-axis of these gra
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Draw Geiger, Marsden, and Rutherfor
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Particle Acceleration (Principles)
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Multistage Accelerators (LINAC) 1 2
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Particle Accelerators Why were they
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Cyclotrons are constructed as two
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Z Boson Mass Reconstruction for DØ
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Teaching Modern Physics - QuarkNet - Fermilab

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