Bulletin - United States National Museum - Smithsonian Institution

EARLY TERTIAEY CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA. 23
Family SCRUPOCELLARIIDAE Levinsen, 1909.
The zooecia have large opesia. A gymnocyst and a cryptocyst more
or less developed. The mural rim bears distally one or two pairs of
spines and laterally a membraneous scutum. The distal wall, consist-
ing of a horizontal basal and an obliquely ascending frontal part,
has usually numerous, small, scattered, uniporous septulae basally,
while the distal half of each lateral wall has one multiporous septula.
Besides dependent avicularia, found in most species, vibracula may
also occur on the basal surface of the zoarium, and these are connected
with the zoarium by an independent wall. The ovicells are generally
hyperstomial. As a rule, radicular fibers occur, sometimes springing
from a septula (or a dietella), sometimes from a separate chamber
connected with a vibraculum. The zoaria are always free, much
branched, most frequently with uni- or few seried zooecia, generally
consisting of a single laj'er and in most cases jointed by means of
chitinous transverse belts. (After Levinsen, 1909.)
American Tertiary specimens are rare, small, and very fragile, and
as a result we have been unable to make any detailed studies of the
family. The principal genera of this family are
Cdberea Lamouroux, 1816. Vicksburgian-Recent.
Caheriella Levinsen, 1909. Recent.
Canda Lamouroux, 1816. Recent.
Scrujyocellarla Van Beneden, 1844. Lutecian-Recent.
Bugulopsis Verril, 1879. Recent.
Hoplitella Levinsen, 1909. Recent.
RJiahdozoum Hincks, 1882. Recent.
Menipea Lamouroux, 1816. Recent.
The two genera Cohered and Scnipocellar'ia alone are represented
in the American collections studied. Canda and Scrupocellaria are
very similar. Levinsen distinguishes these genera by their ovicells
and Waters by their articulation. Ks the method of articulation and
ovicells are not preserved in the fossil forms studied, we can employ
but the single genus, Scrupocellaria of which S. elliptica Reuss, 1869,
S. gracilis Reuss, 1869, and nine new species have been recognized in
American strata.
Family FARCIMINARIIDAE Busk, 1852.
The zocecia are furnished with an obliquely ascending distal wall
and separated by common, lateral walls which are furnished with
a small number (two to four) of uniporous septulae; no true spines.
The avicularia dependent, sometimes depressed, sometimes strongly
projecting. The ovicells are endozooecial. The zoaria are dichotomously
branched tufts, with slender, prismatic, sometimes jointed
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