Cane Sugar Refining - Purolite

Glossary (continued)
Cane Sugar Refining with Ion Exchange Resins
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MONOMER: A single reactive molecule
capable of combining with another
different monomer to form a polymer.
Where two different monomers combine
the resulting polymer is called a opolymer.
NEGATIVE CHARGE: The electrical potential
which an atom acquires when it gains one
or more electrons; a characteristic of an
anion. pH: An expression of the acidity
of a solution; the negative logarithm of
the hydrogen ion concentration (pH I very
acidic; pH 14, very basic; pH 7, neutral).
PHYSICAL STABILITY: The quality which
an ion exchange resin must possess to
resist changes that might be caused by
attrition, high temperatures, and other
physical conditions.
POROSITY: An expression of the degree
of permeability in ion exchange resins
to liquids and large organic molecules.
Gel resins, even when referred to as
highly porous, have a negligible porosity
in comparison to the macropores inherent
in the macroporous resins.
POSITIVE CHARGE: The electrical potential
acquired by an atom which has lost one or
more electrons; a characteristic of a cation.
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM: A specific basic
group [-N(CH 3 ) 3 +] on which depends the
exchange activity of certain anion exchange
resins.
RAW WATER: Untreated water from wells or
from surface sources.
REGENERANT: The solution used to restore
the activity of an ion exchanger. Acids are
employed to restore a cation exchanger
to its hydrogen form; brine solutions may
be used to convert the cation exchanger
to the sodium form. The anion exchanger
may be rejuvenated by treatment with an
alkaline solution.
REGENERATION: Restoration of the activity
of an ion exchanger by replacing the ions
adsorbed from the treated solution by ions
that were adsorbed initially on the resin.
RINSE: The operation which follows
regeneration; a flushing out of excess
regenerant solution.
SALT SPLITTING: The conversion of salts to
their corresponding acids or bases by
passage through ion exchange resins
containing strongly acidic or strongly
basic functional groups.
SELECTIVITY: The difference in attraction
of one ion over another by an ion
exchange resin.
SILICEOUS GEL ZEOLITE: A synthetic, inorganic
exchanger produced by the aqueous
reaction of alkali with aluminum salts.
SPHERICITY: Relating to the spherical nature
and whole bead content of a resin.
STRONG ELECTROLYTE RESIN: The equivalent
of strongly acidic or strongly basic resins
and capable of splitting neutral salts.
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SULFONIC: A specific acidic group (S0 ) on 3
which depends the exchange activity of
certain cation exchange resins.