Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to

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170 tingency because of the small number of specimens. In the present material also female gonothecae with very pointed spines could be found (Fig. 27E). Distribution Torres Strait, Indonesia, southern Japan. Type locality: Torres Strait, Australia. Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux, 1824 Fig. 28. Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux, 1824: 613, pl. 90: figs 11–12. – Billard 1925b: 181, figs 36–37, pl. 7: fig. 21. – Vervoort, 1941: 209. – Vervoort 1959: 260, fig. 27a–b. – Vervoort 1968: 38, fig. 18. – Millard & Bouillon 1974: 32, fig. 6D. – Millard 1975: 263, fig. 87A–F. – Rees & Vervoort 1987: 103. – Gibbons & Ryland 1989: 410, fig. 28. – Calder 1991: 89, figs 47–48, synonymy. – Hirohito 1995: 170, fig. 55a–b. – Migotto 1996: 60, fig. 11e–g. – Medel & Vervoort 1998: 21, synonymy and bibliography. Dynamena tubuliformis Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890: 238, pl. 4: fig. 10. Sertularia Vegae. – Pictet 1893: 44, pl. 2: figs 37–38 [not Thuiaria vegae Thompson, 1887]. Not Sertularia tubuliformis. – Broch 1918: 132, fig. 71 [= S. similis (Clarke, 1876)]. ?Pasythea griffini Hargitt, 1924: 498, pl. 6 fig. 25. Sertularia crisioides var. gigantea Billard, 1925a: 651. – Billard 1925b: 186, pl. 8: fig. 24. – Leloup 1930b: 7, figs 4–5, pl. 1: fig. 2. – Vervoort 1941: 210, fig. 4. Sertularia crisioides var. alternata Billard, 1925a: 652. – Billard 1925b: 187, fig. 39, pl. 7: fig. 22. – Vervoort, 1941: 213. Sertularia crisioides var. peculiaris Billard, 1925b: 185, fig. 38. Material examined: Kei Island Expedition, Banda Islands, Waling, 20 m, 11 Jun 1922 – Kei Islands Expedition, Ujungpandang, Samalon Island 35 m, 28 Jun 1922 – Kei Islands Expedition, Kei Islands, Tual, 1–2 m, 23 Jun 1922, with gonothecae. – MHNG INVE 31974, Sertularia vegae, Ambon, material of Pictet (1893). Description Colonies erect, monosiphonic, 2–5 cm in present material, pinnate with alternate hydrocladia. Stem unbranched, zigzag, with short basal athecate part terminated by a transverse node. Nodes on stem irregular, mostly indistinct. Stem with two lateral rows of alternate apophyses for the hydrocladia, apophyses long, delimited by node from hydrocladium. Hydrothecae of stem P. SCHUCHERT Fig. 28. Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux, 1824; Banda Islands. A. Silhouette of a shoot. B. Part of stem and hydrocladia. C. Group of hydrothecae from hydrocladium. D. Gonotheca in side view. – Scales: A = 1 cm; B, D = 0.5 mm; C = 0.2 mm. in two lateral rows; one hydrotheca in axil of apophysis and a variable number (2–3) of subopposite hydrothecae between two apophyses. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided by straight nodes into internodes which bear a variable num-
HYDROIDS OF THE DANISH EXPEDITION TO THE KEI ISLANDS ber (normally 2–3) of subopposite pairs of hydrothecae. The two rows of hydrothecae in plane of ramification of shoot. Members of hydrothecal pairs not contiguous, consecutive hydrothecae of an internode mostly overlapping and forming groups. Hydrotheca tubular, adnate for ¾ to 9/10 of adcauline length, then bent outwards, 0.40–0.45 mm in abcauline height and 0.10–0.12 mm in marginal diameter; opening-plane parallel to axis or nearly so, margin with two broad and triangular lateral teeth slightly below middle and one smaller adcauline tooth. Below abcauline margin a perisarc thickening. Operculum composed of two valves, upper valve like a gabled roof. Hydranth with 10–12 tentacles, without abcauline blind-sac. Gonothecae arise on stem below hydrothecae, ovate, 1.4 mm long, thickest part 0.8 mm diameter, wall irregularly undulated, opening on a slightly curved and flaring neck, neck not in middle and thus rendering gonothecae bilateralsymmetric. Remarks This species can show considerable variation. The extent of variation is well described in Millard (1975). Billard (1925a, 1925b) named some of these variants, but later authors, especially Millard (1975), found them to be connected by all possible intermediate forms. The present samples conformed with Billard’s normal form. Pictet’s (1893) material of Sertularia vegae belongs to S. crisioides. It is a form with more distant hydrothecae. Re-examination of the type material of Pasythea griffini Hargitt, 1924 (USNM 42656) showed it to closely resemble D. crisioides, but the few hydrothecae are apparently arranged in opposite pairs. The gonothecae are identical to the ones described here for D. crisioides. Although Hargitt’s species likely belongs to D. crisioides, the available type material could not provide conclusive evidence. There exist at least five more Dynamena species in Indonesian waters: Dynamena moluccana (Pictet, 1893), 1858; D. fissa Thornely, 1904; D. heterodonta (Jarvis, 1922); Dynamena mertoni (Stechow, 1923); and D. quadridenta (Ellis & 171 Solander, 1786). Dynamena crisioides is readily distinguished from all of them through its subopposite hydrothecae. In the other species they are always strictly opposite. Additional descriptions of the other Indonesian species of Dynamena can be found in Billard (1925b), Millard (1975), and Watson (2000). Distribution Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters. Type locality: Moluccas, Indonesia. Dynamena moluccana (Pictet, 1893) Fig. 29. Sertularia divergens. – Bale, 1884: 81, pl. 5: fig. 3, pl. 19: fig. 16. [Not Dynamena divergens Lamouroux, 1816] Sertularia moluccana Pictet, 1893: 50, pl. 2: figs 42–43. – Billard 1925b: 189. ?Sertularia complexa. – Pictet 1893: 47, pl. 2: figs 39–40. – Billard 1925b: 189. [Not Sertularia complexa Clarke, 1879, = Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802)] Desmoscyphus palkensis Thornely, 1904: 119, pl. 2: fig. 7A–B. Dynamena cornicina. – Billard 1925b: 188, fig. 40, pl. 7: fig. 23. – Billard 1933: 14, fig. 5, pl. fig. 3. – Vervoort 1941: 206, fig. 3. – Millard & Bouillon 1973: 68. – Cooke 1975: 94, pl. 3: figs 3–4. – Millard 1975: 261, fig. 86A– E. – Gibbons & Ryland 1989: 408, fig. 27. – Vervoort 1993: 108. Not Dynamena cornicina McCrady, 1859: 204. – Genzano 1992: 144, figs 5–6. – Hirohito 1995: 167, fig. 54a–g. [All = Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802)] Sertularia cornicina var. pinnata Jarvis, 1922: 339. Dynamena exigua. – Hirohito 1995: 172, fig. 55c–g. [Not Sertularia exigua Allman, 1877, = D. disticha] Type material examined: MHNG INVE 25031, holotype of Sertularia moluccana, slides, without gonotheca. Other material examined: MNHG INVE 25033, as Sertularia complexa, slide and alcohol material of Pictet (1893), with gonothecae. – Kei Islands Expedition, Neira Island, Banda Islands, 1 Jun 1922, 20 m, sand bottom, 5 damaged plumes, no gonothecae. – For comparisons: Dynamena disticha, MHNG INVE 29754 and 27132, both from Cala Murada, Mallorca, 1–2 m, coll. 1999 and 2000, with gonothecae. – Dynamena pumila, MHNG INVE 29033, Sandgerdi, Iceland (see Schuchert 2001). Description Colonies erect, 1–3 cm high (reportedly up to 6 cm), loosely pinnate. Stolons creeping, tubular.
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Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to

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