Substitution of PFOS for use in nondecorative hard chrome plating

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The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark.
Content PREFACE 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS NON-PFOS MIST SUPPRESSANT CAN BE USED FOR HARD CHROME 9 PLATING 9 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 9 THE INVESTIGATION 9 MAIN CONCLUSIONS 10 PROJECT RESULTS Survey of the Danish and global use of PFOS in the chrome plating 10 industry 10 Survey for alternative solutions to PFOS 11 Laboratory experiments 11 Large scale testing at a.h. nichro Haardchrom A/S 12 SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSION 13 PFOS-FRI SKUMDÆMPER KAN ANVENDES TIL HÅRDFORKROMNING 13 BAGGRUND OG FORMÅL 13 UNDERSØGELSEN 13 HOVEDKONKLUSIONER 14 PROJEKTRESULTATER 14 Undersøgelse af det danske og globale forbrug af PFOS i hårdforkromningsindustrien 14 Undersøgelse af alternative løsninger til PFOS 15 Laboratorieforsøg 15 Forsøg i større skala hos a.h. nichro Haardchrom A/S 16 1 INTRODUCTION 17 1.1 PURPOSE 17 1.2 BACKGROUND 17 1.2.1 The hard chrome plating process 17 1.2.2 PFOS for control of aerosol formation 18 1.2.3 PFOS - chemistry and properties 19 1.2.4 Regulations and other initiatives 20 1.2.5 Alternatives to PFOS 21 2 SURVEY OF THE GLOBAL USE OF PFOS IN THE CHROME- PLATING INDUSTRY 23 2.1 USE OF PFOS IN DENMARK 23 2.2 GLOBAL USE OF PFOS 24 2.2.1 Denmark 27 2.2.2 Nordic countries 27 2.2.3 Germany 28 2.2.4 Belgium 29 2.2.5 Czech Republic 29 2.2.6 Italy 29 2.2.7 Romania 29 2.2.8 Slovenia 29 2.2.9 UK 29 3
Page 1: Substitution of PFOS for use in non
Page 5: 7 ASSESSMENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE TO P
Page 9 and 10: Summary and conclusions Non-PFOS mi
Page 11 and 12: decorative hard chrome plating (chr
Page 13 and 14: Sammenfatning og konklusion PFOS-fr
Page 15 and 16: metaloverfladebehandling. Derfor d
Page 17 and 18: 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purp
Page 19 and 20: A great part of PFOS used in this i
Page 21: section 6 provides authority for th
Page 24 and 25: 24 industry in Denmark estimates th
Page 26 and 27: 26 Country PFOS (kg)* annually Indu
Page 28 and 29: 28 based on information from suppli
Page 30 and 31: 30 less than 500 kg PFOS (tetraethy
Page 32 and 33: 32 In Carloni (2009), it is stated
Page 34 and 35: 34 2.2.19 Latin America According t
Page 36 and 37: 36 Larger closed tanks or increased
Page 38 and 39: 38 Product name Company Substance F
Page 40 and 41: 40 3.2 Physical alternatives (IPU)
Page 42 and 43: 42 The amount needed during use As
Page 44 and 45: 44 F F F F F F F F F F F F F PFOS F
Page 46 and 47: 46 Figure 4-1 PFOS in whole blood f
Page 48 and 49: 48 For PFHxA there is an MSDS indic
Page 50 and 51: Table 4-1 Data on PFOS and alternat
Page 53 and 54:
5 Testing of alternatives to PFOS (
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 5-1: Schematic illustration
Page 57:
was therefore decided to perform th
Page 60 and 61:
60 measurement one of the mist supp
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62 Normally, the chrome bath will c
Page 64 and 65:
this raise in make-up concentration
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66 period and in both cases the foa
Page 69 and 70:
7 Assessment of an alternative to P
Page 71 and 72:
toxicity, persistence, and bioaccum
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8 References 3M, 1999. Perfluorooct
Page 75 and 76:
Koropchak JA, Roychowhury SB. Evide
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http://chm.pops.int/Convention/POPs
Page 79:
Large scale testing of PFOS and Fum
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Substitution of PFOS for use in nondecorative hard chrome plating

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