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NUMBER 19 29 O) '55 in - TiO2 -K20 -Na2O _CaO 500 500 MgO FeO' AI2O3 SiO2 * * 4-V * • * • * * r • •• * * * * * * • :*• * * i i 1 * • * it • V 1 1 * 1 550 Depth(m) • # it * k * • / * • . *. FIGURE 1.—Variation in glass and whole rock chemistry with depth in a 70-meter interval at DSDP Site 238. * * •k it • microprobe analyses of glass * XRF analyses of whole rocks * * * • * • * • * it it * • • it m it it 1 1 1 1 appear very homogeneous within the limits imposed by the precision of the microprobe technique (T. L. Wright of the U.S. Geological Survey, pers. comm.). In summary, basaltic glasses often contain volumes which remain unaltered after much of the remaining rock has undergone some alteration. Analyzing these separately yields homogeneous results both within single pillow fragments and within large single eruptive events. An electron-microprobe technique has been presented that minimizes many sources of variations by the inclusion of internal standards with all unknowns. Using this rapid and precise technique much more information on the chemical diversity of the midocean ridges is being discovered. Literature Cited Bence, A. E., and A. L. Albee 1968. Empirical Correction Factors for the Electron Microanalyses of Silicates and Oxides. Journal of Geology, 76:382-401. Corliss, J. B. 1970. Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts, I: The Origin of Submarine Hydrothermal Solutions; II: Regional Diversity Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego. Dmitriev, Leonid V. 1974. Petrochemical Study of the Basaltic Basement of the Mid-Indian Ridge: Leg 24, Djibouti to Mauritius. Pages 767-779 in L. Musich, editor, Initial Reports of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, 24. San Diego: Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Frey, F. A., W. B. Bryan, and G. Thompson 1974. Atlantic Ocean Floor: Geochemistry and Petrology of Basalts from Legs 2 and 3 of the Deep-Sea Drilling Project. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79:5507-5527. Hart, R. 1973. A Model for Exchange in the Basalt-Sea water System of Oceanic Layer II. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10:799-816. Hart, S. R. 1969. K. Rb, Cs Contents and K/Rb, K/Cs, Ratios of Fresh and Altered Submarine Basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6:295-303. Hart, S. R., A. J. Erlank, and E. J. D. Kable 1974. Sea Floor Basalt Alteration: Some Chemical and Sr Isotopic Effects. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 44:219-230. Hekinian, R. 1971. Chemical and Mineralogical Differences between Abyssal Hill Basalts and Ridge Tholeiites in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Geology, 11:77-91. Matthews, D. H. 1971. Altered Basalts from Swallow Bank, an Abyssal
30 Hill in the NE Atlantic, and from a Nearby Seamount. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A268:551-571. Melson, W. G. 1969. Preliminary Results of a Geophysical Study of Portions of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Blanco Fracture Zone. Coast and Geodetic Survey Technical Memorandum, 6. 1973. Basaltic Glasses from the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Chemical Characteristics, Compositions of Alteration Products, and Fission Track "Ages." Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 54:1011-1014. Melson, W. G., and G. Thompson 1973. Glassy Abyssal Basalts, Atlantic Sea Floor near St. Paul's Rocks: Petrography and Composition of Secondary Clay Minerals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 84:703-716. Melson, W. G., G. Thompson, and Tj. Van Andel 1968. Volcanism and Metamorphism in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 22 °N. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73:5925-5941. Melson, W. G., T. L. Vallier, T. L. Wright, G. Byerly, and J. Nelen 1976. Chemical Diversity of Abyssal Volcanic Glass Erupted along Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean Sea-Floor Spreading Centers. In G. H. Sutton, M. H. Manghnani, and R. Moberly, editors, Geophysics of SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EARTH SCIENCES the Pacific Ocean Basin and Its Margin. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Moore, J. G. 1965. Petrology of Deep-Sea Basalt near Hawaii. Science, 263:40-52. 1966. Rate of Palagonitization of Submarine Basalt Adjacent to Hawaii. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 550-D:D163-D171. Moreland, G. 1968. Preparation of Polished Thin Sections. American Mineralogist, 53:2070-2074. Muehlenbachs, K., and R. N. Clayton 1972. Oxygen Isotope Studies of Fresh and Weathered Submarine Basalts. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:172-184. Paster, T. P. 1968. Petrologic Variations within Submarine Basalt Pillows of the South Pacific-Antarctic Ocean. Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Shido, F., A. Miyashiro, and M. Ewing 1974. Compositional Variation in Pillow Lavas from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Geology, 16:177-190. Thompson, G. 1973. A Geochemical Study of the Low-Temperature Interaction of Sea Water and Oceanic Igneous Rocks. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 54:1015-1018.
Page 1 and 2: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EA
Page 3 and 4: Contents MINERALOGY COMPOSITION OF
Page 5 and 6: Constituent SiO TiO Al 0 fl 2 3 Cr
Page 7 and 8: PER CENT CBLCIUM FIGURE 3.—The ca
Page 9 and 10: Constituent TiO,, 2 2 3 FeO* MnO Mg
Page 11 and 12: 20 Cfl 40 .60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUT
Page 13 and 14: 35'50' I L 6.. 3.. 2.. r FOKT DEFIA
Page 15 and 16: 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
Page 17 and 18: 14 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
Page 19 and 20: 16 Constituent Si0 2 TiO2 A12O3 Cr
Page 21 and 22: 18 20 40 £0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTI
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Page 25 and 26: Abyssal Basaltic Glasses as Indicat
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80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
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82 Literature Cited Bostrom, K., an
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Geochemical Differences among Compo
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The St. Mary's County, Maryland, Ch
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100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH
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Mineralogical and Chemical Composit
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112 15 10 32 3.6 40 44 48 •fl-r O
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2.0- 1.5- 1.0 0.8 : 0.6: 0.4- 0.2-
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