Textbook of Gregorian Chant (1930) - MusicaSacra

32 Part Two.
Octave
Middle
Octave
Upper
Octave
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To these two first elements must be added two others to which
the ancients attached great importance and which indeed constitute
the synthetic and enlivening principle of all tonality. These are
the fundamental or tonic, and the dominant
The tonic is the note with which a melody preferably begins, and
on which it must necessarily end. Four notes have for centuries
been adopted as tonics, viz. middle re mi fa sol. Originally,
therefore, there would seem to have been only four tones.
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* *
Round each tonic a modal scale was built up, consisting of
eleven notes divided in the following manner: above the tonic a
fifth and a fourth, below the tonic only a fourth.
Protus
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