V. cholerae - Filippo Pacini

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY V. <strong>cholerae</strong> O1 and O139 have one or more copies of the genes ctxA and ctxB that encode the cholera toxin the cholera toxin has 2 sub-units: A or active and B for binding to a specific receptor, ganglioside GM1 the A sub-unit activates the adenylate cyclase enzyme increasing cAMP levels: » promotes secretion of chloride by crypt cells » blocks absorption of sodium and chloride by villus cells the role of other toxins is less clear; zone ocludens, shigella like toxin, accessory enterotoxin
ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS IN CHOLERA STOOLS AND COMMON SOLUTIONS USED FOR ITS TREATMENT Na + Cl - K + HCO3 - Cholera stool adults 130 100 20 44 children Intravenous solutions 100 90 33 30 Ringer´s lactate 130 109 4 28* Dhaka solution 133 154 13 48 Normal saline 154 154 WHO ORS 75 65 20 10** Concentrations are in mmol/L, * lactate instead of bicarbonate, ** trisodium citrate
Page 1 and 2: Cholera in the AMERICAS: Peru 1991
Page 3 and 4: EPIDEMIOLOGY Transmission » fecal
Page 5 and 6: SEVEN PANDEMICS OF CHOLERA Pandemic
Page 7 and 8: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
Page 9 and 10: LIFE CYCLE OF Vibrio cholerae
Page 11: THE AGENT Vibrio cholerae is a Gra
Page 14: Vibrio cholerae ON THE SURFACE OF A
Page 19 and 20: STOOL SAMPLE OF A CHOLERA PATIENT r
Page 22: STOOL SAMPLE OF A CHOLERA PATIENT
Page 27 and 28: FOODBORNE TRANSMISSION Country of o
Page 29 and 30: SITUATION OF PERU DURING 1991 • H
Page 31 and 32: THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC IN PERU The e
Page 33: El Niño Current Humboldt Current
Page 36 and 37: RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLERA, PERU 1991
Page 38 and 39: NEW ISSUES IN PREVENTION AND CONTRO
Page 41: ACUTE RENAL FAILURE AT CAYETANO HER
Page 45 and 46: PRINCIPLES OF REHYDRATION THERAPY
Page 47 and 48: PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATM
Page 49 and 50: CHOLERA IN ZAIRE, 1994 • 1.2´Hut
Page 51 and 52: COUNTRIES WHERE V. cholerae O139 CA
Page 54 and 55: Cholera 1991 THIS PANDEMIC COULD PR
Page 56 and 57: Number of cases x 1000 CHOLERA IN T
Page 59: CHOLERA AMONG TRAVELERS Taylor D. e
Page 62: ROLE OF O BLOOD GROUP • Hospitali
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Positive aspects of cholera epidemi
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CHOLERA IN THE WORLD: 1996-2005 Ch
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Cholera slides from Bangladesh •
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ien ha echado el Vibrio cholerae en
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analysis demonstrate s close identi
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Contact with freshly shed V. choler
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A multiple approach is critical for
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Reactive mass vaccination can preve
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Ministerio de Salud Dirección Gene
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Pre-emptive and reactive cholera va
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CHANGING PATTERNS IN CHOLERA EPIDEM
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“ From the time the cholera procl
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V. cholerae - Filippo Pacini

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