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Ceredigion Coast Path - Brochures - Visit Wales

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Mining<br />

Heritage<br />

Lead, silver and zinc with smaller amoiunts of copper were being mined<br />

in <strong>Ceredigion</strong> long before the Romans arrived. A gold “sun disc”<br />

(pictured below) unearthed in the Cwm Ystwyth mining area in 2002<br />

has been dated to around 2500 BC.<br />

Lead was in use by the Romans and remained in use for many centuries<br />

until the issue of lead poisoning was discovered, putting a stop to making<br />

toys from lead and using lead-based chemicals in cosmetics.<br />

By far the most deadly use of lead, however, involved bullets and it is by no<br />

means a coincidence that most of the last working lead mines in <strong>Ceredigion</strong><br />

closed in the early 1920s, shortly after the end of the first World War when<br />

demand for munitions diminished.<br />

Whole communities, within upland <strong>Ceredigion</strong>, owe their existence to a<br />

centuries-old involvement with lead mining. What’s surprising is the<br />

remaining visible inheritance of that industry. Apart from ruins of longabandoned<br />

mine workings in upland valleys, you’ll encounter man-made<br />

lakes from where water was once drawn to power the great water wheels<br />

at all the workings. Still curiously etched as long straight lines traversing<br />

mountainsides are the leets that channelled water from the reservoirs to<br />

one mine after another. At Pontrhydygroes – once an eldorado of<br />

lead mining – you can see a restored water wheel turn.<br />

The narrow gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway, linking Devil’s Bridge<br />

with Aberystwyth, was originally developed in 1902 to serve<br />

the lead mines of the <strong>Ceredigion</strong> uplands. The journey enjoyed<br />

by thousands of visitors every year passes many ruined<br />

mines, some now hidden in the dense foliage of<br />

Cwm Rheidol. Take advantage of the railway’s audio<br />

tour to find out more.<br />

Aberystwyth’s <strong>Ceredigion</strong> Museum has items<br />

associated with the history of mining and metal<br />

working in <strong>Ceredigion</strong>, including silver coins minted<br />

at Aberystwyth Castle after Charles I of England<br />

established a royal mint there in 1637. However, the<br />

Llywernog Silver Lead Mine Museum, near<br />

Ponterwyd, is the destination of choice for a guide to<br />

the metal mining industry, with even an opportunity<br />

to visit the underground workings.<br />

30<br />

Des communautés entières des plateaux<br />

de <strong>Ceredigion</strong> doivent leur existence<br />

depuis des siècles à l’extraction du<br />

plomb. Ce métal, ainsi que de petites<br />

quantités d’argent et de cuivre, étaient<br />

déjà extraits à <strong>Ceredigion</strong> bien avant<br />

l’arrivée des Romains. Un aspect<br />

surprenant est le patrimoine encore<br />

visible que nous a laissé cette industrie,<br />

y compris des mines abandonnées<br />

depuis longtemps dans les vallées en<br />

altitude.<br />

Treftadaeth<br />

Mwyngloddio<br />

Mae ucheldiroedd <strong>Ceredigion</strong> yn frith o olion<br />

diwydiant sy’n deillio yn ôl canrifoedd. Bu<br />

cloddio am blwm, arian ac aur yng<br />

Ngheredigion ymhell cyn i’r Rhufeiniad gyrraedd a bu<br />

mwyngloddio yn ddiwydiant pwysig yng Ngheredigion<br />

yn ystod y 18fed a'r 19eg ganrif.<br />

Mae tirlun trawiadol ucheldir <strong>Ceredigion</strong> wedi ei ffurfio<br />

a’i newid gan bobl dros filoedd o flynyddoedd. Ceir<br />

tomenni rwbel ac adfeilion adeiladau ar wasgar ar draws<br />

y tirlun, gan dystio i ddiwydiant mwyngloddio a oedd<br />

unwaith yn ffynnu ac a adawodd ei ôl yn drwm ar hanes<br />

cymdeithasol a diwylliannol <strong>Ceredigion</strong>.<br />

Dros y canrifoedd, denwyd pobloedd i’r ardal gan y<br />

cyfoeth o fwynau oedd yma. Nid oedd y<br />

cyflogau uchel a dalwyd i weithwyr yn ddigon i<br />

berswadio gweithwyr lleol i adael y tir am y mwyngloddiau.<br />

Yn nyddiau prysuraf y diwydiant, gwelwyd cynnydd ym mhoblogaeth<br />

wasgaredig yr ucheldiroedd wrth i weithwyr symud i’r ardal o bob cwr o<br />

Gymru a thu hwnt – o ardaloedd mwyngloddio eraill fel Cernyw,<br />

Dyfnaint, Swydd Derby ac o’r Eidal a’r Almaen. Mewn cofnod o<br />

eiddo Lewis Morris, archwiliwr mwyngloddiau, ’roedd cynifer o<br />

ieithoedd yn cael eu siarad yn mwynglawdd Esgair-y-Mwyn<br />

ym 1755 nes iddo ei gymharu â Babel. Erbyn 1870 ’roedd<br />

tua 10,000 o weithwyr yn gysylltiedig â’r diwydiant.<br />

Mae mwyngloddio metel wedi dod i ben erbyn hyn, ac<br />

mae’r ucheldiroedd yn ardal amaethyddol unwaith eto. Ond<br />

mae olion hanes diwydiannol a chymdeithasol cyfoethog<br />

mwyngloddio yng Ngheredigion yn amlwg – adfeilion<br />

gweithfeydd, simneiau ac olwynion dwˆr, y llynnoedd a grewyd i<br />

ddarparu dwˆr i’r gweithfeydd, ynghyd â’r pentrefi a ddatblygodd i gynnal<br />

y gweithlu.<br />

Yn Amgueddfa <strong>Ceredigion</strong> yn Aberystwyth cewch gyfoeth o eitemau sy’n<br />

gysylltiedig â’r diwydiant tra bo Amgueddfa Plwm ac Arian Llywernog, i’r<br />

dwyrain o Aberystwyth, yn rhoi cipolwg ar fyd y cloddiwr metel yng<br />

Ngheredigion ac yn cynnig taith tanddaearol i hen gloddfa go iawn.<br />

Ganze Gemeinden im oberen<br />

<strong>Ceredigion</strong> verdanken ihre Existenz dem<br />

Bleibergbau. Blei sowie kleinere Mengen<br />

von Silber und Kupfer wurden in<br />

<strong>Ceredigion</strong> lange vor Ankunft der<br />

Römer abgebaut. Überraschend ist das<br />

sichtbare verbleibende Erbtum dieser<br />

Industrie, einschließlich vieler seit<br />

langem stillgelegter Minen in den oberen<br />

Tälern.<br />

Comunidades enteras de las tierras altas<br />

de <strong>Ceredigion</strong> deben su existencia a<br />

siglos de trabajo en minas de plomo.<br />

Éste, junto con menores cantidades de<br />

plata y cobre, se extraía de <strong>Ceredigion</strong><br />

mucho antes de la llegada de los<br />

romanos. Sorprende la visible herencia<br />

de la industria, como numerosas minas<br />

abandonadas desde hace mucho tiempo<br />

en valles de tierras altas.

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