THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA"

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QUESTION XCI. THE PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST MAN'S BODY. (In Four Articles.) WE have now to consider the production of the first man's body. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (i) The matter from which it was produced. (2) Theauthor by whom it was produced. (3) The disposition it received in its production. (4) The mode and order of its production. FIRST ARTICLE. WHETItER THE BODY OF THE FIRST MAN WAS MADE OF THE SLIME OF THE EARTH We proceed thus to the First Article :--- Objection I. It would seem that the body of the first man was not made of the slime of the earth. For it is an act of greater power to make something out of nothing than out of something; because not being is farther off from actual existence than being in potentiality. But since man is the most honourable of God's lower creatures, it was fitting that in the production of man's body, the power of God should be most clearly shown. Therefore it should not have been made of the slime of the earth, but out of nothing. Obi. 2. Further, the heavenly bodies are nobler than earthly bodies. But the human body has the greatest nobility; since it is perfected by the noblest form, which is the rational soul. Therefore it should not be made of an earthly body, but of a heavenly body. Obj. 3. Further, fire and air are nobler bodies than earth and water, as is clear from their subtlety. Therefore, since 262
263 PRODUCTION OF MAN'S BODY O.9'-A_., thehuman body ismost noble,itshouldratherhave been made of fire and air than ofthe slime of the earth. Obj. 4. Further, the human body is composed of the four elements. Therefore it was not made of the slime of the earth, but of the four elements. On the contzary, It is written (Gen. ii. 7): God made man of the slime o[ the earth. 1 answe_ ti_t, As God is perfect in His works, He bestowed perfection on all of them according to their capacity: God's works are perfect (Deut. xxxii. 4). He Himself is simply perfect by the fact that all things are p_e.contained in Him, not as component parts, but as united in one simple whole, as Dionysius says (Div. Nora. v.); in the same way as various effects pre-exist in their cause, according to its one virtue. This perfection is bestowed on the angels, inasmuch as all things which are produced by God in nature through various forms come under their knowledge. But on man this perfection is bestowed in an inferior way. For he does not possess a natural knowledge of all natural things, but is in a manner composed of all things, since he has in himself a rational soul of the genus of spiritual substances, and in likeness to the heavenly bodies he is removed from contraries by an equable temperament. As to the elements, he has them in their very substance, yet in such a way that the higher elements, fire and air, predominate in him by their power; for life is mostly found where there is heat, which is from fire; and where there is humour, which is of the air. But the inferior elements abound in man by their substance; otherwise the mingling of elements would not be evenly balanced, unless the inferior elements, which have the less power, predominated in quantity. Therefore the body of man is said to have been formed from the slime of the earth; because earth and water mingled are called slime, and for this reason man is called a little world, because all creatures of the world are in a way to be found in him. Reply Obj, I. The power of the Divine Creator was
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1749 .T5 1920 v.4 LETTER FROM THE C
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CONTENTS TREATISE ON MAN QUESTION P
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QUESTION LXXX. OF THE APPETITIVE PO
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