THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA"

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{2-9t. AaT. 3 THE " SUMMA THEOLOGICA" 270 Reply Obj. 3. An upright stature was becoming to man for four reasons. First, because the senses are given to man, not only for the purpose of procuring the necessaries of life, for which they are bestowed on other animals, but also for the purpose of knowledge. Hence, whereas the other animals take delight in the objects of the senses only as ordered to food and sex, man alone takes pleasure in the beauty of sensible objects for its own sake. Therefore, as the senses are situated chiefly in the face, other animals have the face turned to the ground, as it were for the purpose of seeking food and procuring a livelihood; whereas man has his face erect, in order that by the senses, and chiefly by sight, which is more subtle and penetrates further into the differences of things, he may freely survey the sensible objects around him, both heavenly and earthly, so as to gather intelligible truth from all things. Secondly, for the greater freedom of the acts of the interior powers ; the brain, wherein these actions are, in a way, performed, not being low down, but lifted up above other parts of the body. Thirdly, because if man's stature were prone to the ground he would need to use his hands as fore-feet; and thus their utility for other purposes would cease. Fourthly, because if man's stature were prone to the ground, and he used his hands as fore-feet, he would be obliged to take hold of his food with his mouth. Thus he would have a protruding mouth, with thick and hard lips, and also a hard tongue, so as to keep it from being hurt by exterior things; as we see in other animals. Moreover, such an attitude would quite hinder speech, which is reason's proper operation. Nevertheless, though of erect stature, man is far above plants. For man's superior part, his head, is turned towards the superior part of the world, and his inferior part is turned towards the inferior world; and therefore he is perfecdy disposed as to the general situation of his body. Plants have the superior part turned towards the lower world, since their roots correspond to the mouth ; and their inferior part towards the upper world. But brute animals have a
27 x PRODUCTION OF MAN'S BODY Q. 9t. Aa,. 4 middle disposition, for the superior part of the animal is that by which it takes food, and the inferior part that by which it rids itself of the surplus. FOURTH ARTICLE. _VHETHER THE PRODUCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY IS FITTINGLY DESCRIBED IN SCRIPTURE_ We proceed th_s to the Fourth Article :t Objection i. It would seem that the production of the human body is not fittingly described in Scripture. For, as the human body was made by God, so also were the other works of the six days. But in the other works it is written, God said; Let it be made, and it was made. Therefore the same should have been said of man. Obj. 2. Further, the human body was made by God immediately, as explained above (A. 2). Therefore it was not fittingly said, Let us make man. Obj. 3. Further, the form of the human body is the soul itself which is the breath of life. Therefore, having said, God made man o/the slime of the earth, he should not have added : And He breathed into him the breath of li/e. Obj. 4. Further, the soul, which is the breath of life, is in the whole body, and chiefly in the heart. Therefore it was not fittingly said : He breathed into his ]ace the breath of life. Obj. 5- Further, the male and female sex belong to the body, while the image of God belongs to the soul. But the soul, according to Augustine (Gen. ad lit. vii. 24) , was made before the body. Therefore having said: To His image He made them, he should not have added, male and [emale He created them. On the contrary, Is the authority of Scripture. Reply Obj. I. As Augustine observes (Gen. ad lit. vi. I2), man surpasses other things, not in the fact that God Himself made man, as though He did not make other things; since it is written (Ps. ci. 26), The work o] Thy hands is the.
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THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA" OF ST. THOMA
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1749 .T5 1920 v.4 LETTER FROM THE C
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CONTENTS TREATISE ON MAN QUESTION P
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