use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ...
use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ...
use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ...
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Table 11. Useful <strong>and</strong> Potentially Useful Markers for Breast Cancer (Cont’d)<br />
Cancer Marker Proposed Use/Uses Phase <strong>of</strong> Development LOE* Ref<br />
Serum-Based Markers<br />
CA 15-3 Post-operative surveillance <strong>in</strong> patients with no In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>, but value <strong>of</strong> chang<strong>in</strong>g III (381, 595)<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> disease therapy for patients with ris<strong>in</strong>g<br />
levels not validated <strong>in</strong> a high-level<br />
evidence study<br />
Monitor<strong>in</strong>g therapy <strong>in</strong> advanced disease In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>, but value not validated III (381, 595)<br />
<strong>in</strong> a high-level evidence study<br />
Assess<strong>in</strong>g prognosis. High preoperative levels Not <strong>in</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong> III (596-599)<br />
(e.g. 30 U/L) predict adverse outcome<br />
BR 27.29 Provides similar <strong>in</strong>formation to CA 15-3 but In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>, but value not validated III (600, 601)<br />
not as widely <strong>in</strong>vestigated as CA 15-3 <strong>in</strong> a high-level evidence study<br />
CEA Post-operative surveillance <strong>in</strong> patients with no In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>, but value not validated III (377, 602-604)<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> disease. Overall, appears to be <strong>in</strong> a high-level evidence study<br />
less sensitive than CA 15-3/BR 27.29<br />
Monitor<strong>in</strong>g therapy <strong>in</strong> advanced disease, In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>, but value not validated III (377, 602-604)<br />
especially if CA 15-3/BR 27.29 is not elevated <strong>in</strong> a high-level evidence study<br />
Assess<strong>in</strong>g prognosis. High preoperative levels Not <strong>in</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong> III (596, 598, 604)<br />
predict adverse outcome<br />
TPA Post-operative surveillance <strong>in</strong> patients with no In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries, but III (377, 603)<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> disease value not validated <strong>in</strong> a high-level<br />
evidence study<br />
Monitor<strong>in</strong>g therapy <strong>in</strong> advanced disease. May be In cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>use</strong>s <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> countries, (595, 603)<br />
<strong>use</strong>ful if CA 15-3, BR 27. 29 or CEA are but value not validated by a<br />
not elevated high-level evidence study.<br />
TPS As for TPA As for TPA III (605, 606)<br />
HER-2 (shed form) Determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g prognosis; predict<strong>in</strong>g response to Undergo<strong>in</strong>g evaluation III-IV (353, 607)<br />
hormone therapy, chemotherapy <strong>and</strong><br />
Trastuzumab; post-operative surveillance<br />
<strong>and</strong> monitor<strong>in</strong>g therapy <strong>in</strong> advanced disease.<br />
Less sensitive than either CA 15-3 or CEA<br />
but may be <strong>use</strong>ful <strong>in</strong> monitor<strong>in</strong>g CA 15-3,<br />
BR 27.29 or CEA are not elevated. if<br />
Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary results suggest that serum<br />
HER-2 may be <strong>of</strong> value <strong>in</strong> monitor<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Trastuzumab therapy <strong>in</strong> patients with<br />
advanced <strong>breast</strong> cancer
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