S<strong>in</strong>gh, K. N. <strong>and</strong> Sachan, G. C., 1992, Phenols <strong>and</strong> phenolic acids <strong>in</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong> (Arachis hypogaea) resistant to tobacco caterpillar. Indian J. Agric. Sci, 60 : 717-719. S<strong>in</strong>gh, K. N. <strong>and</strong> Sachan, G. C., 1993, Assessment <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> sex pheromone traps <strong>in</strong> the management <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura F. Indian J. Pl. Protec., 21(1) : 7-13. S<strong>in</strong>gh, S., Kumar, S. <strong>and</strong> Basappa, H., 2005a, Validation <strong>of</strong> IPM Technologies for the castor crop <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed agro-ecosystem. Ann.Pl. Protec. Sci., 1(13): 133-136. S<strong>in</strong>gh, S. K., S<strong>in</strong>gh. S., <strong>and</strong> Katti, P., 2005b, Evaluation <strong>of</strong> IPM Technology for <strong>groundnut</strong> <strong>and</strong> sunflower based production system. Entomon, 30(3): 201-205. S<strong>in</strong>gh, T. V. K., S<strong>in</strong>gh, K. M., <strong>and</strong> S<strong>in</strong>gh, R. N., 1991, Influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>tercropp<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>in</strong>cidence <strong>of</strong> major pests <strong>in</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong> (Arachis hypogeae). Indian J. Ent., 53(1) : 18-44. S<strong>in</strong>gh, V. J., N<strong>and</strong>agopal, V., Gor, H. K., Chikani, B. M. <strong>and</strong> Jaroli, R. K., 1993, BG2 a possible donar parent for resistance to Helicoverpa <strong>and</strong> Spodoptera. Groundnut News, 5 : 2-3. Sreenivasa, A. G., Patil, R. K., Rahman, S. M. <strong>and</strong> L<strong>in</strong>gappa, S., 1997, Development <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura as <strong>in</strong>fluenced by <strong>groundnut</strong> <strong>genotypes</strong>. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 10(3) : 872-876. Sreenivasulu, B. , Naidu, V. G. <strong>and</strong> Prasad, P. R. , 2002, Integrated pest management <strong>in</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong> aga<strong>in</strong>st Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) <strong>and</strong> other suck<strong>in</strong>g pests. Pest Manag. <strong>and</strong> Econ. Zool., 10(2) : 193-196. Sreenivasulu, B., Naidu, V. G. , Prasad, P. R. , 2003, Monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura Fabr. through sex pheromones <strong>in</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong>. J. Appl. Zool. Res., 14(2) : 148-150. Sridhar, V. <strong>and</strong> Prasad, V. D., 1996a, Mycoses <strong>of</strong> Nomuraea rileyi <strong>in</strong> field populations <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura <strong>in</strong> relation to four host plants. Indian J. Ent., 58 : 191-193. Sridhar, V. <strong>and</strong> Prasad, V. D., 1996b, Life-table studies on natural population <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (F.) on <strong>groundnut</strong>, Arachis hypogaea L<strong>in</strong>n. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci., 4 : 142- 147. Srivastava, B. <strong>and</strong> Kushwaha, K. S., 1995, Sequential appearance <strong>and</strong> frequency <strong>of</strong> the parasites <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) on cauliflower <strong>and</strong> cabbage at Udaipur, Rajasthan. Adv. Agric. Res. India., 3 : 130-140. Stechmann, D. H. <strong>and</strong> Semisi, S. T., 1984, Insect control <strong>in</strong> Western Samoa with particular reference to the present state <strong>of</strong> biological <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated control, Anzeiger fur Schadl Pflan Unwelt, 57 : 65-70. Stevenson, P. C., Blaney, W. M., Simmonds, M. J. S. <strong>and</strong> Wightman, J. A., 1993, The identification <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> resistance <strong>in</strong> wild species <strong>of</strong> Arachis to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Bull. Ent. Res., 83 : 421-429. Theodore, M. B. M., Samuel, K. <strong>and</strong> Gregory, C. L., 2008, Effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong> <strong>genotypes</strong>, cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>secticides on the abundance <strong>of</strong> native arthropod predators from Ug<strong>and</strong>a <strong>and</strong> Democratic Republic <strong>of</strong> Congo. Bull. Insectology., 61(1) : 11-19. Thontadarya, T. S. <strong>and</strong> Nangia, N., 1983, Natural enemies <strong>of</strong> tobacco caterpillar <strong>in</strong>fest<strong>in</strong>g soybean. Curr. Res., 12 : 105-106.
Tiwari, S. N., Rathore, Y. S. <strong>and</strong> Bhattacharya, A. K., 1980, Notes on the survival <strong>and</strong> change <strong>in</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> larvae <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (F.) feed<strong>in</strong>g on some promis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>groundnut</strong> varieties. Indian J. Ent., 42(2) : 283-285. Tiwari, S. N., Rathore, Y. S. <strong>and</strong> Bhattacharya, A. K., 1981, Intr<strong>in</strong>sic rate <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (F.) on different varieties <strong>of</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong>. Sci <strong>and</strong> Cult., 47(7) : 261-262. Tiwari, S. N., Rathore, Y. S., Bhattacharya, A. K. <strong>and</strong> Sachan, G. C., 1989, Classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>groundnut</strong> varieties based on growth reaction <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (F.) <strong>and</strong> mahalanabis D 2 statistics. Indian J. Ent., 50 : 202-208. Todd, J. W., Beach, B. M. <strong>and</strong> Branch, W. D., 1991, Resistance <strong>in</strong> eight peanut <strong>genotypes</strong> to foliar feed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> fall armyworm, velvet bean caterpillar <strong>and</strong> corn earworm. Peanut Sci., 18 : 38-40. Tojo, S., Mishima, H., Kamiwada, H., Ngakan, P. O. <strong>and</strong> Kwang-Sh<strong>in</strong>g, C., 2008, Variations <strong>in</strong> the occurrence patterns <strong>of</strong> male moths <strong>of</strong> the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) among Southeastern Asian countries, as detected by sex pheromone trapp<strong>in</strong>g. Appl. Ent. <strong>and</strong> Zool., 43(4) : 569-576. Vimaladevi, P. S., 1994, Conidia production <strong>of</strong> the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi <strong>and</strong> its evaluation for control <strong>of</strong> Spodoptera litura (F.) on Ric<strong>in</strong>us communis. J. Invert. Path., 63 : 145-150. Wightman, J. A. <strong>and</strong> Ranga Rao, G. V., 1994, Groundnut pests. In : The Groundnut Crop; A Scientific Basis <strong>of</strong> Improvement (Ed. Smart, J.), Chapman <strong>and</strong> Hall, London, pp. 395-479. Wightman, J. A., Dick, K. M., Ranga Rao, G. V., Shanower, T. C. <strong>and</strong> Gold, C. G., 1990, In : Pests <strong>of</strong> Groundnut <strong>in</strong> Semi Arid Tropics, (Ed. S<strong>in</strong>gh, S. R. <strong>and</strong> Chichester, J.), Wiley <strong>and</strong> Sons, pp. 243-322. Xie Jia Li, 1987, Influence <strong>of</strong> Peanut Cultivars on the Development <strong>and</strong> Feed<strong>in</strong>g Activity <strong>of</strong> the Common Cut Worm Spodoptera litura (F.) College <strong>of</strong> Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es University Las Banos College, Laguna, pp. 66.