Facilitating LOS Debriefings: A Training Manual - Phoenix Aviation

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014 - <strong>LOS</strong> Debriefing Guide Ineffective: FO: I don’t like the idea of having to roll the trim all the way down and then forgetting about it. IP: I agree. What do you think they could do to make that better? FO: Uh… [trails off] [IP rephrases the question, but new question leaves little for crew to say.] IP: Couldn’t they reorganize the checklist so that item appeared sooner? FO: Uh, yeah, I guess so. Effective: If the crew does not respond to the question “What was the weak part of your V1 cut?” and the problem was that they were trying to do a checklist and struggle with the airplane when they could have had the autopilot on, rather than pointing that out for them, ask a more specific question. • “What other resource could you have been utilizing at the time to help in that situation?” Effective: If the crew does not respond to the question “Why didn’t you finish the checklist?” and the reason they didn’t finish was that they were distracted by a warning light, rather than saying it for them, ask a more specific question. • “Was there something that distracted you during the checklist?” Low-Level Facilitation ✈ Answer for the crew, but confirm that they understand and agree. If the above facilitation techniques still do not elicit a response from the crew, or if the response given lacks depth, it may be necessary to briefly instruct the crew to ensure that they learn from the situation so they can apply the lesson on the line. If it becomes necessary to instruct the crew on certain issues, be sure to verify that they understand and agree because if they don’t the opportunity for learning may be lost. It is important to continue trying to involve the crew as much as possible. Once you have shared your knowledge with the crew and elicited their agreement, try to return to a higher level of facilitation by asking for the crew’s opinion, asking them to expand on the issue, or asking them to give an example of what you discussed from their line experience. 20
Use of Silence ✓ Use silence to elicit thoughtful crew responses. 014 - <strong>LOS</strong> Debriefing Guide Silence can be a very useful tool to elicit thoughtful crew responses. Most people are uncomfortable with silence in a group setting and are more likely to make some kind of response the longer the silence lasts. Without realizing it, instructors often allow only a second or two for a response to their question before either calling on someone else or giving the answer. However, a second is generally not long enough to formulate a thoughtful response, especially to complex questions. Benefits of Using Silence Studies show that waiting three to four seconds after asking a question greatly improves the number and quality of responses. The specific benefits of pausing at least three seconds include: ✈ crewmembers produce longer and more confident responses. ✈ crewmembers are more likely to volunteer unsolicited responses. ✈ crewmembers interact more with each other. ✈ crewmembers ask more questions. ✈ less articulate crewmembers participate more. What to Do during Silence In order to minimize the discomfort often associated with even brief periods of silence, it is important to behave in a way that makes the crew feel at ease. ✈ Look relaxed, not anxious or impatient. For the crew to feel comfortable with silence, it is important that you appear at ease. Appearing tense and anxious will give the crew clear non-verbal cues that silence is not appreciated. ✈ Sit back. Sitting on the edge of your seat may be interpreted by the crew as a sign of impatience. Sitting back in your seat, however, helps demonstrate that you are comfortable allowing periods of silence for the crew to think before they respond. ✈ Smile. Smiling conveys reassurance and acceptance, which can help put the crew at ease. 21
Page 1 and 2: NASA Technical Memorandum 112192 DO
Page 3 and 4: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide Preface
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Preface..........
Page 7 and 8: Facilitating LOS Debriefings: A Tra
Page 9 and 10: Instruction vs. Facilitation ✓ En
Page 11 and 12: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide analysis
Page 13 and 14: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide objectiv
Page 15 and 16: Part 2. Getting Started Clarifying
Page 17 and 18: Debriefing Format ✓ Help the crew
Page 19 and 20: Part 3. Facilitation Techniques Que
Page 21 and 22: ✓ Ask questions that begin with w
Page 23 and 24: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide Drawing
Page 25: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide Intermed
Page 29 and 30: Active Listening 014 - LOS Debriefi
Page 31 and 32: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide Techniqu
Page 33 and 34: Part 4. The C-A-L Model in Action T
Page 35 and 36: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide ✈ Use
Page 37 and 38: ✈ Ask crewmembers to discuss what
Page 39 and 40: ✓ Encourage crew to discuss how t
Page 41 and 42: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide When you
Page 43 and 44: 014 - LOS Debriefing Guide Get Crew
Page 45 and 46: Appendix A Organizing the Discussio
Page 47 and 48: Organizing the Discussion: The C-A-
Page 49 and 50: Appendix B Guidelines for Facilitat
Page 51 and 52: Guidelines for Facilitating LOS Deb

Facilitating LOS Debriefings: A Training Manual - Phoenix Aviation

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