is10_sb_unit_d

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10.1 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept Review 1. (a) Draw a wave that has a wavelength of 3 cm and an amplitude of 1 cm. (b) Label the amplitude and the wavelength of the wave in (a). (c) Draw and label the rest position of the wave in (a). (d) Label the crest and the trough of the wave in (a). 2. Explain the term “frequency” as it applies to a wave. 3. What is electromagnetic radiation? 4. (a) List three types of radiation of the invisible spectrum that have wavelengths longer than visible light. (b) Name one application for each of these three types of radiation. 5. (a) List three types of radiation of the invisible spectrum that have wavelengths shorter than visible light. (b) Name one application for each of these three types of radiation. 6. What properties of light does the wave model of light explain? 7. Identify six general categories of colour of the visible spectrum, from highest frequency to lowest frequency. 8. Compare red light with blue light. (a) Which has the longer wavelength? (b) Which has the higher frequency? Connect Your Understanding 9. During a theatrical play, red and green spotlights overlap. Explain the colour audience members will see where the spotlights overlap. 10. (a) What are two ways in which radio waves and X-rays are similar? (b) What are two ways in which radio waves and X-rays are different? 11. (a) Which poses more of a danger to human health, very long wavelength radiation or very short wavelength radiation? (b) Explain why. 12. A balloon appears yellow when seen in white light. Explain the colour it will appear in: (a) green light (b) magenta light 13. Many houses in warm climates have white walls and roofs, like the one in this photo. Explain why this is a wise choice. 14. A huge problem facing aid workers in tropical disaster areas is providing safe drinking water. Scientists are testing a simple idea: fill a clear plastic water bottle with water, put on the cap, and let it sit in direct sunlight for a day. (a) Explain why this idea might work. (b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method over boiling water or adding chemicals. Reflection Question 13 15. Describe three ideas from this section that you are interested in learning more about. For more questions, go to ScienceSource. Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves. 391
10.2 Here is a summary of what you will learn in this section: • Fluorescent light bulbs use much less energy than incandescent light bulbs to produce the same amount of light. • In both fluorescent and phosphorescent light, a phosphor glows after being exposed to energized particles. • Chemiluminescence, including bioluminescence, produces cool light from a chemical reaction. • An electric current passing through a gas or a solid can produce light. WORDS MATTER “Bioluminescence” comes from the Greek word bios, meaning living, and the Latin word lumen, meaning light. Figure 10.22 Angler fish Producing Visible Light 392 UNIT D Light and Geometric Optics Figure 10.21 In the deep, dark ocean water, this jellyfish uses its light to attract fish, which become trapped in the jellyfish’s tentacles. Lighting Up the Deep The most important natural source of light on Earth is the Sun. There are, however, other natural sources of light, such as light from other stars, fire, and lightning. Light is also produced by some plants and animals. The ability of a plant or animal to produce light is called bioluminescence. Some algae, jellyfish, insects, crustaceans, bacteria, earthworms, and fungi produce light by bioluminescence (Figure 10.21). Bioluminescence is very common among sea creatures. In fact, 90 percent of all sea creatures are bioluminescent. Fish that live deep in the ocean have to create their own light because no sunlight can reach that far down. They use their light to find prey, scare off predators, attract mates, or to camouflage themselves. Some fish produce their own light, while others have bacteria that carry out the light-producing chemical reaction for them. The black sea dragon and the angler fish have a special long spine with a bulb as a lure, attracting smaller fish into their waiting jaws (Figure 10.22). Flashlight fish use their light to help keep their school together as they swim. They can quickly turn off their light if a predator approaches.
Page 1 and 2: UNIT D Light travels through colour
Page 3 and 4: Exploring These doctors are examini
Page 5 and 6: 0 Light is part of the electromagne
Page 7 and 8: 10.1 Here is a summary of what you
Page 9 and 10: During Reading Graphics Support Tex
Page 11 and 12: Uses of the Electromagnetic Spectru
Page 13 and 14: light source white light prism scre
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10.19 The subtractive theory
Page 17: DI Key Activity D4 Quick Lab Seeing
Page 21 and 22: WORDS MATTER “Incandescent” has
Page 23 and 24: During Reading Get the Picture Even
Page 25 and 26: Figure 10.36 Plasma screens use flu
Page 27 and 28: D7 Quick Lab Analyzing Light Source
Page 31 and 32: Figure 10.42 Light rays travel away
Page 33 and 34: Suggested Activities • • D10 Qu
Page 35 and 36: D11 Inquiry Activity Shadows and Ra
Page 37 and 38: Investigating 410 UNIT D Light and
Page 39 and 40: 10 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
Page 41 and 42: 11 Ray diagrams model the behaviour
Page 43 and 44: 11.1 Mirrors Here is a summary of w
Page 45 and 46: During Reading Diagrams Require Spe
Page 47 and 48: Suggested Activity • D16 Problem-
Page 49 and 50: 422 object ray 1 ray 2 image Figure
Page 51 and 52: Practice Problems 1. A microscope p
Page 53 and 54: Figure 11.16 Parallel light rays ap
Page 55 and 56: D13 Quick Lab Plane Mirror Reflecti
Page 57 and 58: DI Key Activity D15 Inquiry Activit
Page 59 and 60: D16 Problem-Solving Activity Laser
Page 63 and 64: Figure 11.30 The spoon appears to b
Page 65 and 66: Practice Problems 1. The speed of l
Page 67 and 68: Figure 11.36 This diamond is colour
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Suggested Activity • D19 Inquiry
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D18 Inquiry Activity Refraction Mea
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D20 Design a Lab Transmitting Light
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11.3 Lenses Here is a summary of wh
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WORDS MATTER The word “lens” is
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object ray 2 F ray 1 image Figure 1
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Practice Problems 1. A convex lens
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D23 Skill Builder Activity Drawing
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D25 Inquiry Activity Convex Lens Im
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11.3 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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11 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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2 Optical devices help us see farth
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12.1 Here is a summary of what you
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WORDS MATTER “Pupil” is derived
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(a) near-sightedness (b) near-sight
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(a) (b) Figure 12.17 (a) Loss of th
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D28 Inquiry Activity Sheep Eye Diss
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DI Key Activity CASE STUDY D29 STSE
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12.2 Here is a summary of what you
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Figure 12.24 This portable imaging
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Suggested STSE Activity • D34 Dec
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During Writing Evaluating Informati
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WORDS MATTER The word “laser” i
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Figure 12.39 Long rows of solar cel
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D33 STSE Decision-Making Analysis S
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12.2 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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12 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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D UNIT • Electromagnetic spectrum
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D UNIT Task How Much Light Is Too M
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D UNIT Review Key Terms Review 1. C
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D UNIT Review (continued) 35. (a) D
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D UNIT Review (continued) 62. Descr
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