is10_sb_unit_d

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Predicting the Behaviour of Light The behaviour of light is so familiar to most of us that we can make good predictions about situations we may never have been in. For example, Figure 10.41 is an underwater photograph looking up toward the surface of the water. Even if you have never swum before, your general experience with light would help you to figure out where the Sun is located in the photograph and to predict that the surface of the water is uneven. To find the Sun, we use our understanding that light tends to travel in straight lines, so we can follow the light rays back to the source. At the bright spots on the surface, more light is passing into the water. At the darker spots, more light is being reflected away. From this, we conclude that the surface of the water is uneven. D8 Quick Lab Does a Plane Mirror Reverse Left and Right? Purpose To examine images in a plane mirror Materials & Equipment • paper • plane mirror Procedure • masking tape • (optional) video camera and display 1. Write your name on a piece of paper. Observe what that looks like when you view its reflection in the plane mirror. 2. Print a short, clear message. Have your partner attempt to read the message only by looking at its reflection. 3. Look into the mirror and, while looking only at the mirror, try to write the letters “ABCDE” so that the image in the mirror does not appear reversed. Are some letters more difficult to write than others? If so, why? Figure 10.41 Light travels in straight lines in the water. Questions 4. Use the masking tape to label the left side of the mirror “L” for left. Then, hold your right hand up to the mirror so that the palm of your hand reflects in the mirror. The thumb of your right hand should be closest to the masking tape marked “L”. Look at the image in the mirror. Is the thumb in the reflection closer to the masking tape marked “L” or to the other side of the mirror? Do objects that are actually on your left side appear in the reflection on your left side or on your right side? 5. (Optional) If your class has access to a video camera and display, try viewing yourself in the display and performing various actions. Begin by touching your nose with a finger, and then, looking at the display, touching your left eyebrow. Try combing your hair. Which is easier, working with a mirror image or with your unreflected image as displayed by a camera? Explain why. Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves. 403
Figure 10.42 Light rays travel away from a light source in every direction. To show all the light rays, you would have to show an infinite number of arrows, not just a few rays as in this figure. (a) (b) (c) Figure 10.44 (a) The transparent glass allows light to pass through freely. (b) The translucent glass allows only some light to pass through. (c) The opaque glass prevents light from passing through. 404 UNIT D Light and Geometric Optics Light and Matter In the ray model of light, light is represented as straight lines called rays, which show the direction that light travels. Ray diagrams are drawings that show the path that light takes after it leaves its source (Figure 10.42). Each ray ends with an arrow to indicate the direction of travel. Ray diagrams can help explain why the brightness of a light changes with distance. The more rays that reach your eyes, the brighter the object appears (Figure 10.43). Figure 10.43 Fewer light rays reach your eyes when you are farther from a light source. You can use ray diagrams to help you describe what happens when light strikes an object. Light travels in straight lines until it strikes something. Some materials let the light pass through — they transmit light. Some materials absorb light, and other materials reflect light. The properties of the matter in an object determine what happens to the light. Materials may be classified according to how they transmit, absorb, and reflect light (Figure 10.44 and Figure 10.45 on the next page). • Transparent materials, such as clear glass or clear plastic, transmit light freely as shown in Figure 10.44(a). Transparent materials absorb and reflect very little light. That is why you can see clearly through a window pane. • Translucent materials transmit some light, but not enough to see through the material clearly, as shown in Figure 10.44(b). A frosted window pane is a good example of a translucent material. Some light can pass through, but you cannot see what is on the other side of the frosted glass in any detail. • Opaque objects absorb and reflect light, but they do not transmit it, as shown in Figure 10.44(c).
Page 1 and 2: UNIT D Light travels through colour
Page 3 and 4: Exploring These doctors are examini
Page 5 and 6: 0 Light is part of the electromagne
Page 7 and 8: 10.1 Here is a summary of what you
Page 9 and 10: During Reading Graphics Support Tex
Page 11 and 12: Uses of the Electromagnetic Spectru
Page 13 and 14: light source white light prism scre
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10.19 The subtractive theory
Page 17 and 18: DI Key Activity D4 Quick Lab Seeing
Page 21 and 22: WORDS MATTER “Incandescent” has
Page 23 and 24: During Reading Get the Picture Even
Page 25 and 26: Figure 10.36 Plasma screens use flu
Page 27 and 28: D7 Quick Lab Analyzing Light Source
Page 29: 10.3 Here is a summary of what you
Page 33 and 34: Suggested Activities • • D10 Qu
Page 35 and 36: D11 Inquiry Activity Shadows and Ra
Page 37 and 38: Investigating 410 UNIT D Light and
Page 39 and 40: 10 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
Page 41 and 42: 11 Ray diagrams model the behaviour
Page 43 and 44: 11.1 Mirrors Here is a summary of w
Page 45 and 46: During Reading Diagrams Require Spe
Page 47 and 48: Suggested Activity • D16 Problem-
Page 49 and 50: 422 object ray 1 ray 2 image Figure
Page 51 and 52: Practice Problems 1. A microscope p
Page 53 and 54: Figure 11.16 Parallel light rays ap
Page 55 and 56: D13 Quick Lab Plane Mirror Reflecti
Page 57 and 58: DI Key Activity D15 Inquiry Activit
Page 59 and 60: D16 Problem-Solving Activity Laser
Page 63 and 64: Figure 11.30 The spoon appears to b
Page 65 and 66: Practice Problems 1. The speed of l
Page 67 and 68: Figure 11.36 This diamond is colour
Page 69 and 70: Suggested Activity • D19 Inquiry
Page 71 and 72: D18 Inquiry Activity Refraction Mea
Page 73 and 74: D20 Design a Lab Transmitting Light
Page 75 and 76: 11.3 Lenses Here is a summary of wh
Page 77 and 78: WORDS MATTER The word “lens” is
Page 79 and 80: object ray 2 F ray 1 image Figure 1
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Suggested Activity • D25 Inquiry
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Practice Problems 1. A convex lens
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D23 Skill Builder Activity Drawing
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D25 Inquiry Activity Convex Lens Im
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11.3 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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11 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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2 Optical devices help us see farth
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12.1 Here is a summary of what you
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WORDS MATTER “Pupil” is derived
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Suggested Activity • D28 Inquiry
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(a) near-sightedness (b) near-sight
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(a) (b) Figure 12.17 (a) Loss of th
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D28 Inquiry Activity Sheep Eye Diss
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DI Key Activity CASE STUDY D29 STSE
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12.2 Here is a summary of what you
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Figure 12.24 This portable imaging
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Suggested STSE Activity • D34 Dec
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During Writing Evaluating Informati
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WORDS MATTER The word “laser” i
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Figure 12.39 Long rows of solar cel
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D33 STSE Decision-Making Analysis S
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12.2 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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12 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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D UNIT • Electromagnetic spectrum
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D UNIT Task How Much Light Is Too M
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D UNIT Review Key Terms Review 1. C
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D UNIT Review (continued) 35. (a) D
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D UNIT Review (continued) 62. Descr
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