is10_sb_unit_d

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10.2 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept Review 1. (a) What are two examples of natural light? (b) What are two examples of artificial light? 2. Why could light bulbs be called heat bulbs? 3. How is the light in an incandescent light bulb produced? 4. How is the light in a compact fluorescent light bulb produced? 5. Why are incandescent light bulbs being eliminated from widespread use? 6. State what percentage of electrical energy is converted to light energy in: (a) an incandescent bulb (b) a compact fluorescent bulb 7. What type of light is produced by a glow-inthe-dark object? 8. What are three examples of chemiluminescence? 9. What is the term used to describe the process in which light is produced by rubbing materials together? 10. (a) How does an electric discharge produce light? (b) What is one example in nature of light produced by electric discharge? (c) What is one example of artificial light produced by electric discharge? 11. What is a light-emitting diode? 12. What is electroluminescence? 13. (a) What does LED stand for? (b) What are three advantages of LEDs? 14. (a) What does LCD stand for? (b) What is a drawback of plasma displays compared to LCD displays? Connect Your Understanding 15. Why is it important to consider how energy efficient a light bulb is when making a decision about which light bulb to purchase? 16. The model in the photograph below is wearing makeup that contains phosphors. The phosphors release ultraviolet radiation under special lights called black lights. Is this an example of fluorescence or phosphorescence? Explain your answer. Question 16 17. Suggest several ways to provide emergency lighting where you need it if the power goes out. Consider factors such as brightness, duration, and cost. Reflection 18. (a) Describe one concept from this section that you found easy to understand. (b) Why you think it was easy for you to understand? (c) Describe one concept from this section that you found challenging to understand. For more questions, go to ScienceSource. Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves. 401
10.3 Here is a summary of what you will learn in this section: • The ray model illustrates many properties of light including how light interacts with matter. • Opaque objects block light, forming a shadow. • Transparent materials transmit light freely. • Translucent materials transmit light but obscure the image. • Regular reflection transmits an image and occurs when light hits a smooth surface. Reflection from a rough surface produces diffuse reflection. The Ray Model of Light 402 UNIT D Light and Geometric Optics Interacting with Light Figure 10.40 A glass window transmits light and reflects light. Have you ever been window-shopping on a bright day? The glare from the glass can make it difficult to see the display behind the window. Window glare is light that is reflected toward you from the outside surface of the glass. You may have had to cup your hands around your eyes in order to see into the store. When you do this, you block out the reflecting sunlight with your hands. Reduce the glare, and suddenly you can see inside the store. You may have noticed a similar problem with glare when reading a glossy magazine. If you hold the magazine at a certain angle, light reflects off the page and makes it difficult to read. Change the angle of the magazine a little, and the words and pictures are visible once again. Most people deal with glare by adjusting how they are viewing the object. You make adjustments automatically because you are used to light behaving in regular, predictable ways. In fact, most of us know many of the properties of light without ever having studied light formally. For example, we can usually tell something about a surface just by observing the way light interacts with it. In Figure 10.40, the sharp, clear image in the reflection tells us that the glass is flat and highly polished. A line of glare running down a magazine page tells us the paper is gently curved.
Page 1 and 2: UNIT D Light travels through colour
Page 3 and 4: Exploring These doctors are examini
Page 5 and 6: 0 Light is part of the electromagne
Page 7 and 8: 10.1 Here is a summary of what you
Page 9 and 10: During Reading Graphics Support Tex
Page 11 and 12: Uses of the Electromagnetic Spectru
Page 13 and 14: light source white light prism scre
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10.19 The subtractive theory
Page 17 and 18: DI Key Activity D4 Quick Lab Seeing
Page 21 and 22: WORDS MATTER “Incandescent” has
Page 23 and 24: During Reading Get the Picture Even
Page 25 and 26: Figure 10.36 Plasma screens use flu
Page 27: D7 Quick Lab Analyzing Light Source
Page 31 and 32: Figure 10.42 Light rays travel away
Page 33 and 34: Suggested Activities • • D10 Qu
Page 35 and 36: D11 Inquiry Activity Shadows and Ra
Page 37 and 38: Investigating 410 UNIT D Light and
Page 39 and 40: 10 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
Page 41 and 42: 11 Ray diagrams model the behaviour
Page 43 and 44: 11.1 Mirrors Here is a summary of w
Page 45 and 46: During Reading Diagrams Require Spe
Page 47 and 48: Suggested Activity • D16 Problem-
Page 49 and 50: 422 object ray 1 ray 2 image Figure
Page 51 and 52: Practice Problems 1. A microscope p
Page 53 and 54: Figure 11.16 Parallel light rays ap
Page 55 and 56: D13 Quick Lab Plane Mirror Reflecti
Page 57 and 58: DI Key Activity D15 Inquiry Activit
Page 59 and 60: D16 Problem-Solving Activity Laser
Page 63 and 64: Figure 11.30 The spoon appears to b
Page 65 and 66: Practice Problems 1. The speed of l
Page 67 and 68: Figure 11.36 This diamond is colour
Page 69 and 70: Suggested Activity • D19 Inquiry
Page 71 and 72: D18 Inquiry Activity Refraction Mea
Page 73 and 74: D20 Design a Lab Transmitting Light
Page 75 and 76: 11.3 Lenses Here is a summary of wh
Page 77 and 78: WORDS MATTER The word “lens” is
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object ray 2 F ray 1 image Figure 1
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Suggested Activity • D25 Inquiry
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Practice Problems 1. A convex lens
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D23 Skill Builder Activity Drawing
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D25 Inquiry Activity Convex Lens Im
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11.3 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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11 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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2 Optical devices help us see farth
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12.1 Here is a summary of what you
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WORDS MATTER “Pupil” is derived
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Suggested Activity • D28 Inquiry
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(a) near-sightedness (b) near-sight
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(a) (b) Figure 12.17 (a) Loss of th
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D28 Inquiry Activity Sheep Eye Diss
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DI Key Activity CASE STUDY D29 STSE
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12.2 Here is a summary of what you
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Figure 12.24 This portable imaging
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Suggested STSE Activity • D34 Dec
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During Writing Evaluating Informati
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WORDS MATTER The word “laser” i
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Figure 12.39 Long rows of solar cel
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D33 STSE Decision-Making Analysis S
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12.2 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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12 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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D UNIT • Electromagnetic spectrum
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D UNIT Task How Much Light Is Too M
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D UNIT Review Key Terms Review 1. C
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D UNIT Review (continued) 35. (a) D
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D UNIT Review (continued) 62. Descr
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