is10_sb_unit_d

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Figure 10.2 Specially coloured anti-glare glasses help people who have difficulty reading or driving at night. D2 Quick Lab What Is White Light Made Of? Purpose To observe the components of white light Materials & Equipment • ray box with one slit • equilateral glass prism • white paper CAUTION: Do not shine bright light into anyone’s eyes. Procedure 1. Set the prism upright on the desk so that the rectangular sides are vertical. 2. Place the ray box about 20 cm away from the prism so that the ray shines on the prism. 3. Slowly rotate the prism. Observe the direction of light that emerges from the prism. 4. Hold a piece of white paper in the path of the light emerging from the prism about 50 cm away from the prism. Observe. 5. If you do not see anything interesting, try rotating the prism again. Figure 10.3 A dentist uses ultraviolet light to set a filling. Figure 10.4 An equilateral prism Questions 6. (a) What colours did you see when light from the ray box shone through the prism? (b) What is the order of the colours? (c) How easily could you determine where one colour ended and another colour began? 7. Where do you think the colours came from in step 4? 8. Where have you seen prisms or objects that remind you of prisms in your day-to-day life? Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves. 381
During Reading Graphics Support Text Examine the graphics on this page and the next page carefully. How do the graphics support your understanding of the text explanations? Share your thoughts with a partner. 382 UNIT D Light and Geometric Optics Energy in a Wave A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter. In a water wave, energy passes through water from one point to another as the wave rises and falls. This movement of energy allows the wave to do work. Imagine that a duck sits on the surface of a lake. The duck moves up and down with the wave, which means that the wave transfers energy to the duck (Figure 10.5). The wave moves the water up and down, but the water does not move forward with the wave. Only energy moves forward. Energy moves forward. Properties of Waves Water and duck move up and down with each wave. Figure 10.5 The duck moves up and down with the wave, but does not move forward or back as the wave passes beneath it. Several terms will help you discuss how waves transfer energy. The highest point in a wave is called a crest, and the lowest point is called a trough (Figure 10.6 on the next page). The level of the water when there are no waves is called the rest position. Three important properties of all waves are wavelength, amplitude, and frequency. • Wavelength is the distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place on the wave; for example, the distance from crest to crest. The standard symbol for wavelength is , the Greek letter lambda. Wavelength is measured in metres. • Amplitude is the wave height from the rest position of the wave to the crest or the wave depth from the rest position to the trough. The energy transferred by a wave depends, in part, on its amplitude. The larger the amplitude, the more energy that is carried. The smaller the amplitude, the less energy that is carried. • Frequency is the rate of repetition of a wave. Figure 10.6 shows waves passing a dock. If wave crests pass the dock 10 times in a minute, the frequency of the wave is 10 cycles/minute. The energy transferred by a wave often depends on the frequency of the wave as well as its amplitude. The higher the frequency, the more energy the wave passes along. The standard symbol for frequency is f. Frequency is usually measured in hertz (Hz), which is cycles per second.
Page 1 and 2: UNIT D Light travels through colour
Page 3 and 4: Exploring These doctors are examini
Page 5 and 6: 0 Light is part of the electromagne
Page 7: 10.1 Here is a summary of what you
Page 11 and 12: Uses of the Electromagnetic Spectru
Page 13 and 14: light source white light prism scre
Page 15 and 16: Figure 10.19 The subtractive theory
Page 17 and 18: DI Key Activity D4 Quick Lab Seeing
Page 19 and 20: 10.2 Here is a summary of what you
Page 21 and 22: WORDS MATTER “Incandescent” has
Page 23 and 24: During Reading Get the Picture Even
Page 25 and 26: Figure 10.36 Plasma screens use flu
Page 27 and 28: D7 Quick Lab Analyzing Light Source
Page 29 and 30: 10.3 Here is a summary of what you
Page 31 and 32: Figure 10.42 Light rays travel away
Page 33 and 34: Suggested Activities • • D10 Qu
Page 35 and 36: D11 Inquiry Activity Shadows and Ra
Page 37 and 38: Investigating 410 UNIT D Light and
Page 39 and 40: 10 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
Page 41 and 42: 11 Ray diagrams model the behaviour
Page 43 and 44: 11.1 Mirrors Here is a summary of w
Page 45 and 46: During Reading Diagrams Require Spe
Page 47 and 48: Suggested Activity • D16 Problem-
Page 49 and 50: 422 object ray 1 ray 2 image Figure
Page 51 and 52: Practice Problems 1. A microscope p
Page 53 and 54: Figure 11.16 Parallel light rays ap
Page 55 and 56: D13 Quick Lab Plane Mirror Reflecti
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D16 Problem-Solving Activity Laser
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11.2 Here is a summary of what you
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Figure 11.30 The spoon appears to b
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Practice Problems 1. The speed of l
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Figure 11.36 This diamond is colour
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Suggested Activity • D19 Inquiry
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D18 Inquiry Activity Refraction Mea
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D20 Design a Lab Transmitting Light
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11.3 Lenses Here is a summary of wh
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WORDS MATTER The word “lens” is
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object ray 2 F ray 1 image Figure 1
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Practice Problems 1. A convex lens
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D23 Skill Builder Activity Drawing
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D25 Inquiry Activity Convex Lens Im
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11.3 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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11 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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2 Optical devices help us see farth
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WORDS MATTER “Pupil” is derived
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(a) near-sightedness (b) near-sight
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(a) (b) Figure 12.17 (a) Loss of th
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D28 Inquiry Activity Sheep Eye Diss
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DI Key Activity CASE STUDY D29 STSE
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Figure 12.24 This portable imaging
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Suggested STSE Activity • D34 Dec
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During Writing Evaluating Informati
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WORDS MATTER The word “laser” i
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Figure 12.39 Long rows of solar cel
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D33 STSE Decision-Making Analysis S
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12.2 CHECK and REFLECT Key Concept
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12 CHAPTER REVIEW ACHIEVEMENT CHART
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D UNIT • Electromagnetic spectrum
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D UNIT Task How Much Light Is Too M
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D UNIT Review Key Terms Review 1. C
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D UNIT Review (continued) 35. (a) D
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D UNIT Review (continued) 62. Descr
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