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Prepared by Fintrac Inc. The main crops cultivated in Burkina Faso include sorghum, millet and maize. Recent increases in maize, rice and sesame reflect government priorities to increase land under production through irrigation and to promote the cultivation of cash crops for national and regional trade. Burkina Faso has a unimodal rainy season from May to November and a dry season from October to April (see Figure 1). Despite the late onset of the heavy rains, which are critical for a good harvest, government sources are optimistic about the 2009/2010 agricultural season. See Annex 2 for more agriculture data and trends. Figure 1: Burkina Faso Rain Season Source: Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) 2.3 POLICY ISSUES According to a June 2008 joint UN/GOBF/Save the Children-United Kingdom (UK) Report, the food price index had increased by 23 percent between late 2007 and early 2008, leading to demonstrations against rising costs of living (“la vie chère”) in all major towns of the country. In response to the demonstrations and rising prices, the government exonerated a basic food basket from Value-Added Tax (VAT), restricted exports of cereals, implemented price controls on commercial cereal sales, and subsidized the sale of select foods and agricultural inputs, sending mixed signals to agriculture producers about regional and international market trade opportunities. In terms of early warning and responses to recurrent food crises, the government manages a National Security Stock that can be mobilized in case of large cereal production shortfalls. Its use (free distributions and subsidized sales) is subject to the recommendations of the Technical Committee of the National Food Security Council (CT-CNSA), whose members are the European Union (EU), France, the Netherlands and the World Food Programme (WFP). An Intervention Stock of smaller capacity was also recently created under the government’s full control and management. The Common External Tariff (CET) streamlined the process of paying different duties – official and not – in each of the 15 countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Combined with the region’s internal free trade zone, the CET simplified importing into and within West Africa, lowering costs to consumers and processors and making the area more attractive to investors. 6 BEST ANALYSIS – BURKINA FASO
Prepared by Fintrac Inc. Informal trade is commonly assumed to represent 20 percent of total trade. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) is in the process of setting up a regional cross-border informal trade monitoring system. There are no restrictions to importing Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) commodities. To achieve higher prices and yields, Burkinabé farmers are experimenting both with organic cotton and with genetically modified seeds (cowpeas). Table 1 outlines policies relevant for food security programming in Burkina Faso. Table 1: Food Aid Policy Matrix Area Policy Practice Implications Transport Liberalized Markets Liberalized Markets Number of small to medium transporter providers available; although poor infrastructure inhibits maximizing access. GMO None Allowing it slowly Possible increased yields, climate and disease adaptive plants to increase food production. Food Strategic food reserve Improving in pre- Better at responding to emergencies although Reserves positioning food aid to respond to emergencies still rely heavily on donor aid. Vouchers Social protection safety Government has not Social protection programs are best supported net in urban areas yet taken it over by government; unclear future of urban voucher programs Source: BEST Research BEST ANALYSIS – BURKINA FASO 7
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ANNEX 5: FOOD INSECURITY Livelihood
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Seasonality of Prices and Market In
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REGION BEST ANALYSIS - BURKINA FASO
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Prevalence of Malnutrition in Child
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Prepared by Fintrac Inc. IMF (2009)
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