tHe War on MariJUana in BlacK anD WHite

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II. FIndIngS FIndIng #1 Marijuana Arrests — 88% of Which Are for Possession offenses — have Risen Since 2001 and Accounted for over half (52%) of All drug Arrests in America in 2010 • Between 2001 and 2010, there were over 7 million arrests (7,295,880) for marijuana possession. In 2010 alone, of the 1,717,064 drug arrests in America, over three-quarters of a million — 784,021 — were for marijuana possession. • While overall drug arrests rose steadily between 1990 and 2006, between 2006 and 2010 they had fallen by over 200,000. Marijuana possession arrests have not only been rising since 1990, when there were just over 250,000 marijuana possession arrests, but increased between 2006 and 2010. There were 100,000 more marijuana possession arrests in 2010 than in 2001, an 18% increase; 200,000 more than in 1995, a 51% increase; and over 500,000 more than in 1990, a 193% increase. • In 2010, nearly half (46%) of all drug arrests in America were for marijuana possession, an increase from 34% in 1995. Between 2005 and 2010, the percentage of all drug arrests accounted for by marijuana possession arrests increased 21%. In Alaska, 81% of all drug arrests were for marijuana possession in 2010; in Nebraska and Montana, 73% and 70%, respectively; in Wyoming, Georgia, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Colorado, 60% or more of all drug arrests were for marijuana possession. • Of all marijuana arrests in 2010, 784,021, or 88%, were for possession. Similarly, 88% of all marijuana arrests between 2001 and 2010 — 7,295,880 out of 8,244,943 — were for possession. • In New York and Texas, the two states with the most marijuana arrests in 2010, 97% were for possession. In nearly half of all states, over 90% of marijuana arrests were for possession. In only seven states did possession 14 | The <strong>War</strong> on Marijuana in Black and White
arrests account for less than 80% of all marijuana arrests, and in only two (Massachusetts and Minnesota) was the figure below 65%. • The 12 states with the most marijuana possession arrests in 2010 made over half a million total arrests: New York, which alone made over 100,000 arrests, Texas, Florida, California, Illinois, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Ohio, and Virginia. In total numbers, the states with the greatest increase in annual marijuana possession arrests between 2001 and 2010 were Texas (20,681 more arrests in 2010 than in 2001), New York (16,173), Illinois (12,406), Florida (12,796), and Georgia (9,425). • The national marijuana possession arrest rate in 2010 was 256 per 100,000 people. The jurisdictions with the highest overall marijuana possession arrest rates per 100,000 residents were: d.C. 846 new York 535 nebraska 417 Maryland 409 Illinois 389 • Twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia had higher marijuana possession arrest rates in 2010 than in 2001. 24 The states with the greatest percentage increases in marijuana possession arrest rates were Montana (146%), Delaware (102%), Nevada (96%), the District of Columbia (62%), and Oregon (45%). • Cook County, IL (includes Chicago) made the most marijuana possession arrests in 2010 with over 33,000, or 91 per day. 25 The five counties (or boroughs) of New York City made a total of 59,451 marijuana possession arrests, or 163 per day; Kings County (Brooklyn) made over 20,000, 24 In addition to the 50 states, this report has analyzed marijuana arrest and fiscal data for the District of Columbia. While the District of Columbia is obviously not a state, the report includes the data for the District of Columbia when presenting both state and county data. Thus, there are instances when the report presents state data (e.g., “the states with the highest” or “list of states”), particularly in the graphs, charts, and tables, and includes the District of Columbia. 25 It is worth noting that in 2012 the Chicago City Council overwhelmingly voted to decriminalize marijuana possession, opting to allow police to issue tickets rather than make arrests. Kristen Mack, Chicago OKs Pot Tickets, cHi. triBUne, June 28, 2012 [hereinafter Mack], available at http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-06-28/news/ct-met-chicago-city-council-0628-20120628_1_pot-possessionpossession-of-small-amounts-pot-tickets. Findings | 15
Page 1 and 2: June 2013 tHe <str
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: VII. RECoMMEndATIonS ..............
Page 7 and 8: has been a fiscal fiasco. The taxpa
Page 9 and 10: I. InTRodUCTIon Over the past 40 ye
Page 11 and 12: combined — or one every 37 second
Page 13 and 14: use been treated as a public health
Page 15: prevention, as well as general fund
Page 19 and 20: FIndIng #2 Extreme Racial dispariti
Page 21 and 22: • Of marijuana possession arrests
Page 23 and 24: • Racial disparities in marijuana
Page 25 and 26: correctional facilities for possess
Page 27 and 28: much public transportation, so not
Page 29 and 30: PROFILE Alfredo Carrasquillo, 29 Ne
Page 31 and 32: III. METhodologY This report relies
Page 33 and 34: The NSDUH survey is the primary sou
Page 35 and 36: a portion, if not a significant num
Page 37 and 38: to be equal to one. If the coverage
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE2 NumberofArrestsforMarijuana
Page 41 and 42: ii. State data There were 784,021 a
Page 43 and 44: The national marijuana possession a
Page 45 and 46: iii. County data Cook County, IL (i
Page 47 and 48: The counties with the largest incre
Page 49 and 50: B. Significant Racial disparities E
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 6 States with Largest Racial
Page 53 and 54: This startling statistic is illustr
Page 55 and 56: The states that made the highest nu
Page 57 and 58: Indeed, examining the state-by-stat
Page 59 and 60: Figure 14 shows the counties with t
Page 61 and 62: As Table 10 shows, significant arre
Page 63 and 64: FIGURE17 LargestRacialDisparitiesin
Page 65 and 66: In the 15 counties with the highest
Page 67 and 68:
Turning to the 15 counties with the
Page 69 and 70:
FIGURE22 MarijuanaUseAmong18-to25-Y
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expenditures, where these expenditu
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particular, using a modified propor
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of both defense and prosecution, as
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The Low Estimate represents, in our
Page 79 and 80:
TABLE 13 Annual Fiscal Cost of Mari
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or Illinois, because the District o
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All told, Mr. Smith has spent almos
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Ms. Garcia feels that because she d
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VI. ThE RISE In MARIjUAnA PoSSESSIo
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The 1970 Act also established the N
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someone convicted of possessing wit
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the criminal justice system and ins
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number of street stops, frisks, and
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particularly pronounced, over the p
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There are other policing models —
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than the longer, intensive investig
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(JAG) program. Established in 1988,
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[The commander] ... regularly exhor
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PROFILE SAM Court A Pilot Marijuana
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You’re also given a second subpoe
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to come up with the $300 bail. With
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The legalization of marijuana will
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y removing all criminal and civil p
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Third, individuals who are unable t
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Racial profiling can lead to the ag
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if the person subject to the search
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vi. Police Should Increase data Col
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VIII. ConClUSIon Like America’s l
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FIGUREA3 Black/WhiteDisparityin25Hi
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TABLE A2 Percentage of All Marijuan
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TABLE A4 Percent Change in Marijuan
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TABLE A6 Percent Change in Racial D
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Appendix B Analysis by State Append
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Alaska Racial disparities in Mariju
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Arkansas Racial disparities in Mari
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Colorado Racial disparities in Mari
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delaware Racial disparities in Mari
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Florida Racial disparities in Marij
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Hawaii Racial disparities in Mariju
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illinois Racial disparities in Mari
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iowa Racial disparities in Marijuan
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Kentucky Racial disparities in Mari
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Maine Racial disparities in Marijua
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Massachusetts Blacks Racial dispari
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Minnesota Racial disparities in Mar
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Missouri Racial disparities in Mari
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nebraska Racial disparities in Mari
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new Hampshire Blacks Racial dispari
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new Mexico Racial disparities in Ma
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north Carolina Racial disparities i
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Ohio Racial disparities in Marijuan
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Oregon Racial disparities in Mariju
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Rhode island Racial disparities in
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South dakota Racial disparities in
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Texas Racial disparities in Marijua
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Vermont Racial disparities in Marij
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Washington Racial disparities in Ma
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Wisconsin Racial disparities in Mar
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THE WAR ON MARIJUANA IN BLACK AND W
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tHe War on MariJUana in BlacK anD WHite

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