tHe War on MariJUana in BlacK anD WHite

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were far fewer arrests for marijuana possession. As law enforcement has increasingly prioritized marijuana possession arrests, usage rates have risen. Generally, from 1980 to 2000 there was no upward trend in the number of people using marijuana. Since 2000, however, marijuana use has generally increased among persons aged 18 or older and has remained approximately the same for persons aged 12 to 17. FIndIng #5 Money Wasted on Marijuana Arrests: States Spent over $3.6 Billion on Marijuana Possession Enforcement in 2010 • The ACLU estimates the total national expenditure of enforcing marijuana possession laws at approximately $3.613 billion. In 2010, states spent an estimated $1,747,157,206 policing marijuana possession arrests, $1,371,200,815 adjudicating marijuana possession cases, and $495,611,826 incarcerating individuals for marijuana possession. • New York and California combined spent over $1 billion to enforce their marijuana laws in 2010. 27 Add the amount of money that Texas, Illinois, Florida, New Jersey, Georgia, and Ohio spent, and the total is over $2 billion. • Over half of the states (27) each spent over $30 million in 2010 enforcing marijuana possession laws. • Even when discounting entirely all state fiscal spending on prison facilities, corrections expenditures associated with marijuana possession enforcement are significant — California, Florida, Illinois, New York, and Texas, for example, each spent more than an estimated $20 million of state taxpayer money in 2010 housing individuals in local jail and county 27 Note that California’s expenditures in 2011 would be lower following decriminalization of possession of 28.5 grams or less of marijuana in 2010 and the accompanying drop in marijuana arrests. See Kamala D. Harris, cAl. DeP’t of JUst. criM. JUst. stAtistics ctr., criMe in cAliforniA: 2011 2 & 26 (2012), available at http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/pdfs/cjsc/publications/candd/cd11/cd11.pdf? (noting the decline in misdemeanor marijuana arrests after reclassification). 22 | The <strong>War</strong> on Marijuana in Black and White
correctional facilities for possession of marijuana, with New York and California spending more than $65 million apiece. • The states, including the District of Columbia, that had the highest per capita fiscal expenditures enforcing marijuana possession laws in 2010 were, in order: the District of Columbia, New York, Maryland, Illinois, and Wyoming, followed closely by Nevada, Delaware, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Findings | 23
Page 1 and 2: June 2013 tHe <str
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: VII. RECoMMEndATIonS ..............
Page 7 and 8: has been a fiscal fiasco. The taxpa
Page 9 and 10: I. InTRodUCTIon Over the past 40 ye
Page 11 and 12: combined — or one every 37 second
Page 13 and 14: use been treated as a public health
Page 15 and 16: prevention, as well as general fund
Page 17 and 18: arrests account for less than 80% o
Page 19 and 20: FIndIng #2 Extreme Racial dispariti
Page 21 and 22: • Of marijuana possession arrests
Page 23: • Racial disparities in marijuana
Page 27 and 28: much public transportation, so not
Page 29 and 30: PROFILE Alfredo Carrasquillo, 29 Ne
Page 31 and 32: III. METhodologY This report relies
Page 33 and 34: The NSDUH survey is the primary sou
Page 35 and 36: a portion, if not a significant num
Page 37 and 38: to be equal to one. If the coverage
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE2 NumberofArrestsforMarijuana
Page 41 and 42: ii. State data There were 784,021 a
Page 43 and 44: The national marijuana possession a
Page 45 and 46: iii. County data Cook County, IL (i
Page 47 and 48: The counties with the largest incre
Page 49 and 50: B. Significant Racial disparities E
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 6 States with Largest Racial
Page 53 and 54: This startling statistic is illustr
Page 55 and 56: The states that made the highest nu
Page 57 and 58: Indeed, examining the state-by-stat
Page 59 and 60: Figure 14 shows the counties with t
Page 61 and 62: As Table 10 shows, significant arre
Page 63 and 64: FIGURE17 LargestRacialDisparitiesin
Page 65 and 66: In the 15 counties with the highest
Page 67 and 68: Turning to the 15 counties with the
Page 69 and 70: FIGURE22 MarijuanaUseAmong18-to25-Y
Page 71 and 72: expenditures, where these expenditu
Page 73 and 74: particular, using a modified propor
Page 75 and 76:
of both defense and prosecution, as
Page 77 and 78:
The Low Estimate represents, in our
Page 79 and 80:
TABLE 13 Annual Fiscal Cost of Mari
Page 81 and 82:
or Illinois, because the District o
Page 83 and 84:
All told, Mr. Smith has spent almos
Page 85 and 86:
Ms. Garcia feels that because she d
Page 87 and 88:
VI. ThE RISE In MARIjUAnA PoSSESSIo
Page 89 and 90:
The 1970 Act also established the N
Page 91 and 92:
someone convicted of possessing wit
Page 93 and 94:
the criminal justice system and ins
Page 95 and 96:
number of street stops, frisks, and
Page 97 and 98:
particularly pronounced, over the p
Page 99 and 100:
There are other policing models —
Page 101 and 102:
than the longer, intensive investig
Page 103 and 104:
(JAG) program. Established in 1988,
Page 105 and 106:
[The commander] ... regularly exhor
Page 107 and 108:
PROFILE SAM Court A Pilot Marijuana
Page 109 and 110:
You’re also given a second subpoe
Page 111 and 112:
to come up with the $300 bail. With
Page 113 and 114:
The legalization of marijuana will
Page 115 and 116:
y removing all criminal and civil p
Page 117 and 118:
Third, individuals who are unable t
Page 119 and 120:
Racial profiling can lead to the ag
Page 121 and 122:
if the person subject to the search
Page 123 and 124:
vi. Police Should Increase data Col
Page 125 and 126:
VIII. ConClUSIon Like America’s l
Page 127 and 128:
FIGUREA3 Black/WhiteDisparityin25Hi
Page 129 and 130:
TABLE A2 Percentage of All Marijuan
Page 131 and 132:
TABLE A4 Percent Change in Marijuan
Page 133 and 134:
TABLE A6 Percent Change in Racial D
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix B Analysis by State Append
Page 137 and 138:
Alaska Racial disparities in Mariju
Page 139 and 140:
Arkansas Racial disparities in Mari
Page 141 and 142:
Colorado Racial disparities in Mari
Page 143 and 144:
delaware Racial disparities in Mari
Page 145 and 146:
Florida Racial disparities in Marij
Page 147 and 148:
Hawaii Racial disparities in Mariju
Page 149 and 150:
illinois Racial disparities in Mari
Page 151 and 152:
iowa Racial disparities in Marijuan
Page 153 and 154:
Kentucky Racial disparities in Mari
Page 155 and 156:
Maine Racial disparities in Marijua
Page 157 and 158:
Massachusetts Blacks Racial dispari
Page 159 and 160:
Minnesota Racial disparities in Mar
Page 161 and 162:
Missouri Racial disparities in Mari
Page 163 and 164:
nebraska Racial disparities in Mari
Page 165 and 166:
new Hampshire Blacks Racial dispari
Page 167 and 168:
new Mexico Racial disparities in Ma
Page 169 and 170:
north Carolina Racial disparities i
Page 171 and 172:
Ohio Racial disparities in Marijuan
Page 173 and 174:
Oregon Racial disparities in Mariju
Page 175 and 176:
Rhode island Racial disparities in
Page 177 and 178:
South dakota Racial disparities in
Page 179 and 180:
Texas Racial disparities in Marijua
Page 181 and 182:
Vermont Racial disparities in Marij
Page 183 and 184:
Washington Racial disparities in Ma
Page 185 and 186:
Wisconsin Racial disparities in Mar
Page 187:
THE WAR ON MARIJUANA IN BLACK AND W
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