abstract models of noc-based mpsocs for design space exploration

More documents

Recommendations

Info

and!direct!connection!links!between!two!highly!communicative!routers!can!be!implemented.!The! thermal!profiles!of!these!NoC!architectures!are!obtained!using!a!HotSpot!tool!(a!gateSlevel!thermal! estimation! tool).! The! authors! present! some! results! regarding! the! mapping! of! three! DPS! applications!(VOPD,!MPEGS4!and!MMS)!onto!a!8x8!2D!and!a!4x4!3D!mesh!NoCs.!Results!show!that! the!proposed!methodology!achieved!an!average!temperature!reduction!of!13!ºC!for!the!2D!NoCs! and!22!ºC!for!the!3D!NoCs,!respectively,!without!performance!penalty.!! 3.2.1 NoC-based MPSoCs Power Estimation Modeling - Closing Remarks ! The! detailed! estimation! of! NoC! power! dissipation! at! transistor! or! gate! level! is! timeS consuming! due! to! the! NoC’s! high! component! count! and! complexity.! Thus,! authors! proposed! abstract! models! of! NoCSbased! MPSoCs! to! accelerate! and! to! optimize! the! power! estimation! analysis!while!coping!with!the!complexities!of!the!interconnect!architecture!and!implementation.! In!this!context,!TLM!is!adopted!by!Atitallah![ATI07b],!Lee![LEE09],!Beltrame![BEL07]!and!Xi![XI06];! algorithmic!descriptions!by!Elmiligi![ELM09],!Marcon![MAR05][MAR05b],!Hu![HU03],!Eisley![EIS06]! and!Koohi![KOO08].! Most! of! the! approaches! in! Table! II! calibrate! their! highSlevel! models! using! a! reference! design! model! to! achieve! more! accurate! power! estimation! (fifth! column).! For! instance,! [ELM09]! and! [MAT08]! use! RTL/gateSlevel! power! estimation! by! commercial! tools! from! Synopsys.! The! remaining! approaches! in! Table! II! (Kahng! [KAH09],! Milojevic! [MIL09]! and! Matsutani! [MAT08])! obtain! power! estimations! directly! from! commercial! tools,! providing! a! better! accuracy! when! compared!to!the!highSlevel!models.!On!the!other!hand,!the!simulation!time!and!the!amount!of! memory! required! by! these! commercial! power! estimation! tools! is! too! high,! making! their! use! infeasible!when!exploring!a!large!design!space![LEE09][KAH09].! Finally,! most! of! the! reviewed! approaches! employ! volumeSbased! power! models! (sixth! column).!Such!models!do!not!include!lowSlevel!effects!such!as!congestion!and!burstiness!that!are! essential!to!verifying!the!occurrence!of!hotSspots.!In!turn,!hotSspots!can!impact!the!performance! of! the! whole! system! and! even! reduce! its! reliability! and! lifeStime.! The! proposed! actorSoriented! power! model! considers! the! effects! that! can! lead! to! hotSspots! by! abstracting! interStask! communication!by!their!rates!rather!than!their!volumes,!which!is!one!contribution!of!this!Thesis! when! compared! to! the! reviewed! NoCSbased! MPSoCs! power! estimation! modeling! (this! contribution! is! explored! in! Chapter! 4).! Another! contribution,! described! in! Chapter! 5,! is! the! possibility!of!joint!validation!of!applications!(modeled!as!UML!sequence!diagrams)!mapped!onto! the!actorSoriented!NoC!model,!considering!power!constraints!early!at!the!design!process.!Finally,! to! the! best! of! our! knowledge,! the! present! work! is! the! first! NoC! power! estimation! model! that! allows!accurate!power!analysis!using!a!simplified!NoC!model!based!on!actorSorientation.! ! !!Table!II!S!Related!works!in!NoCSbased!MPSoCs!Power!Estimation.! 41
42 ! (POWER DISSIPATION ESTIMATION=PDE, NOT AVAILABLE = NA) Work! Platform! Application!/! Traffic! Abstraction! Level! Reference!Model!! (error/speedNup)! NoC!Power! Model! Description! Hu!!!!!!!!!!!! 2003! [HU03]! generic! wormhole!2D! mesh!NoC! benchmarks!and! MultiMedia! System!(MMS)! video!application! algorithmic! Synopsys!design!compiler!but! no!comparison!regarding!PDE! error!was!reported! volumeSbased! model! NoC!PDE!based!on!bit!energy!concept! [YE02],!!in!order!to!explore!the!problem! of!energySaware!mapping! Banerjee! 2004! [BAN04]! generic!2D!mesh! NoC! uniform!traffic! distribution! (random! destinations)! RTL! SPICE!evaluation! gateSlevel! model! propose!of!dynamic,!and!leakage!power! estimation!of!NoC's!components!by! extracting!SPICE!netSlist!for!each! component.! Wolkotte! 2005! [WOL05]! generic!packet! and!circuit! switching!NoC! architectures! streaming! applications!(DVB,! MPEGS4)! RTL!(NoC)!and! Algorithmic! (links)! Synopsys!Power!Compiler!tool! gateSlevel! model!and! volumeSbased! model!(links)! it!uses!the!PDE!(average!energy!per!bit! to!traverse!on!single!router)!for!the! spatial!mapping!tool!(SMIT)!to!optimally! map!the!onSchip!communication!stream! Marcon! 2005! [MAR05]! Hermes!NoC! VOPD,!MMV,! MPEG4! algorithmic! SPICE!evaluation! volumeSbased! model! proposes!a!communication!dependence! and!computation!model!(CDCM)!to! capture!the!volume!and!the!timing!of! applications!for!energySaware!mapping! exploration! Chan! 2005! [CHA05] packet!switching! NoC! architectures! available!in! NoCGEN!libraries!! [CHA04]! E3S!benchmark! [E3S10]! algorithmic! and!RTL! absolute!average!error!is!5%! when!compared!to!PrimePower! tool! volumeSbased! and!gateSlevel! model! authors!propose!energy!model! extraction!methodology!for!a!NoC! packet!switched!router!based!on!linear! regression! Eisley!!! 2006! [EIS06]! PEs!and!NoC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! represented!!as!a! graph! messages!that! represents!!a! traffic!behavioral! algorithmic! average!error!of!9,1%!in!PDE! and!7%!of!average!simulation! speedSup!when!compared!to! the!Raw!CMP!BTL! volumeSbased! model! highSlevel!power!analysis!framework!for! multiScore!chips!based!on!LUNA!tool! Xi! 2006! [XI06]! ! generic!packetS switching!NoC! synthetic!traffic! TLM! Berkeley!Predictive!Technology! Models! gateSlevel! model! authors!propose!a!SystemC!transaction! level!NoC!simulation!framework,!which! uses!a!mathematical!power!model!for! the!routers,!input!buffers!and!links! Penolazzi! 2006! [PEN06]! Nostrum!NoC! synthetic!Traffic! RTL! average!error!of!5%!in!PDE! when!compared!to! Synopsys!!Power!Compiler! volumeSbased! model!for!link! and!gateSlevel! for!router! this!paper!presents!a!study!of!the! Nostrum!power!dissipation!comparing! the!proposed!NoC!power!model!with!the! Synopsys!Power!Compiler!tool! Beltrame! 2007! [BEL07]!! STbus!NoC!and! abstract!PEs! MPEG4!,!PI,! VMUL,!Sort! TLM! NA! volumeSbased! model! it!adopts!multiSaccuracy!power!models,! according!to!the!desired!accuracy!level! Atitallah!2007! [ATI07b]! NoC!and!abstract! components! (PEs,!memories)! parallelized! version!of!H.263! encoder! TLM! error!of!8%!in!PDE!compared!to! a!physical!measure!and!17%!of! simulation!speedSup! volumeSbased! model! integration!of!MPSoCs!components! power!models!into!a! framework/simulator!at!the!Timed! Programmer!View!level! Koohi! 2008! [KOO08]! 2D!Mesh!NoC! different!traffics! distributions!(e.g.! uniform,!local,! hotSspot)! algorithmic! error!of!2%!for!PDE!and!3%!for! throughput!when!compared!to! the!Synopsys!Power!Compiler! and!Modelsim! volumeSbased! model! high!abstraction!power!model!for! different!traffic!rate!parameters! Matsutani! 2008! [MAT08]! generic! wormhole!NoC! NAS!Parallel! Benchmark! RTL! Synopsys!Power!Compiler!tool! gateSlevel! models! it!uses!a!runStime!powerSgating! technique!into!the!NoC!router!structure,! enabled!by!a!lookSahead!algorithm! Elmiligi! 2009! [ELM09]! generic!NoC! MPEG4! algorithmic! Synopsys!!Power!Compiler! volumeSbased! model! proposes!a!topologySbased!methodology! based!on!connectivity!matrix!concept! (graphStheoretic)!for!PDE!of!an! application!specific!NoCSbased!systems! Kahng! 2009! [KAH09]! Intel!80Score! Teraflops!chip! router!&!Intel! Scalable! communications! Core!router! Video!Processing! and!Video! Decoding! RTL! Intel!80Score!=>!636,05%!better! then!ORION!1.0!! Intel!SCC!=>!1840%!better!then! ORION!1.0![HAN02]! gateSlevel! models! the!NoC!components!power!models!of! ORION1.0!(e.g.!addition!of!clocking! model!and!link!power!model)!were! improved,!in!order!to!increase!the! results!accuracy! Lee! 2009! [LEE09]! NePA!platform! (PEs,!MIT!Raw! NoC)! SPLASHS2! benchmark! TLM! average!error!of!5%!when! compared!to!the!Synopsys! PrimeTimeTM!PX!tool!(gateS level)! volumeSbased! model! ! presents!a!framework!for!router!PDE! that!uses!the!number!of!flits!passing! through!a!router! Milojevic! 2009! [MIL09]! Artemis!NoC,!PEs! and!memories! multiple!video! coding!(MPEG4,! H.264,!SVC)! RTL! Synopsis!Prime!Power!tool!and! Magma!BlastPower!tool! gateSlevel! model! power!model!of!individual!NoC! components,!which!are!used!for!power! analysis!of!three!different!mapping!on!a! MPSoC!platform! Anagnostopoulos! 2010! [ANA10]!! 8x8!2D!and!a!4x4! 3D!mesh!NoCs! VOPD,!MPEGS4! and!MMS! RTL! NA! gateSlevel! model! proposes!three!techniques!to!reduce!the! NoC!temperature:!(i)!powerSaware! routing!algorithms,!(ii)!buffer!sizing!and! (iii)!direct!connection! Proposed! work! 2009! Hermes!NoC!and! abstract!PEs! VOPD,!MPEG4,! HDTV!and! automotive! TLM! error!of!0%!for!PDE!when! compared!to!the!RTL!model!and! 5%!!when!compared!to!Synopsis! Prime!Power! rateSbased! model! simplified!actorSoriented!model!that! allows!accurate!power/energy!analysis! of!applications!mapped!onto!a!NoCS based!MPSoC!platform!
Page 1: ! PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLIC
Page 7 and 8: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 9 and 10: ! ABSTRACT MODELS OF NOC-BASED MPSO
Page 11 and 12: Figure 34 - (a) Example of an appli
Page 13 and 14: ! LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APD! Averag
Page 15: 5.! MODELNBASED!DESIGN!FLOW!FOR!NOC
Page 18 and 19: est!placement!for!the!application!t
Page 20 and 21: ! 2. !!!a!technique!that!can!be!app
Page 22 and 23: ! 23
Page 24 and 25: modeling,!as!proposed!in![KIE99],!i
Page 26 and 27: ! Director 1 input ports Composite
Page 28 and 29: 2.2.2.1 Initialization ! The! initi
Page 30 and 31: ! ! 31
Page 32 and 33: flow![BER05].! ! Kogel!et!al.![KOG0
Page 34 and 35: ! One! contribution! of! the! propo
Page 36 and 37: ! Figure!11!-!Example!of!a!CDCG.!Fi
Page 38 and 39: using! HSPICE! and! the! Berkeley!
Page 42 and 43: 3.3 MPSoC Application Modeling and
Page 44 and 45: already! designed.! Software! can!
Page 46 and 47: ! ! ! ! ! ! 47
Page 48 and 49: ! IP ' NI Router ' IP ' NI Router '
Page 50 and 51: for!the!sake!of!simplicity!and!effi
Page 52 and 53: input! port! having! a! routing! re
Page 54 and 55: [OST08].! ! ptrt hft + pcksize * ct
Page 56 and 57: accuracy!on!blocking!other!packets.
Page 58 and 59: NoC generation 1 Traffic Generation
Page 60 and 61: eference!model!(according!to!the!av
Page 62 and 63: packets)! in! average.! In! this! s
Page 64 and 65: ate! inside! a! given! sample! peri
Page 66 and 67: presents!such!a!small!difference!to
Page 68 and 69: and!the!switching!activity!of!its!a
Page 70 and 71: ! ! Power!model\Traffic! Uniform! N
Page 72 and 73: ! ! 73
Page 74 and 75: 8 Director 1 AB1 AB2 AB3 PE 01 AB1
Page 76 and 77: execution!of!applications!running!o
Page 78 and 79: ! Application/Modeling:!in!this!ste
Page 80 and 81: extracted!is!the!real!load!imposed!
Page 82 and 83: (a)!30%! (b)!40%! (c)!50%! Figure!3
Page 84 and 85: ! Table! XII! presents! the! maximu
Page 86 and 87: ! ! ! 87
Page 88 and 89: ! Indrusiak,!L.!S.;!Ost,!L.;!Mölle
Page 90 and 91:
! ! 91
Page 92 and 93:
[BER05]! Bertozzi,! D.;! Jalabert,!
Page 94 and 95:
[GUI08]! Guindani,! G.;! Reinbrecht
Page 96 and 97:
! Platforms”.!In:!IEEE!Symposium!
Page 98 and 99:
[PIM01]! Pimentel,! A.D.;! Hertzber
show all

abstract models of noc-based mpsocs for design space exploration

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?