A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 3.—Scanning electron micrographs of dorsal cephalic tentacles showing ciliation: a, Pyrgulopsis arizonae, USNM 847226 (bar = 100 nm); b, P. micrococcus, USNM 847246 (bar = 176 Jim); c. P. lustrica, UF 22227 (bar = 200 Jim); d, P. californiensis, SBMNH uncat (scale as in b); e, P. micrococcus, ibid, (scale as in £>);/, P. lustrica, ibid, (scale as in b). positioned on posterior albumen gland, sometimes embedded in albumen gland for part of or entire length. Seminal receptacle ovate to elongate, often folded; usually positioned posterior to coiled oviduct, along mid-line to near ventral side of albumen gland, overlapping anterior bursa copulatrix and/or proximal bursal duct. Seminal receptacle duct usually short, narrow. DISTRIBUTION.—Western North America, including Snake River basin, Great Basin, California coastal drainages, Baja California, Colorado River basin, Rio Grande basin, Pecos River basin, and internal drainages of Northern Mexico; Eastern North America, including Mississippi River basin, Great Lakes drainage, Tennessee River basin, and coastal drainages of Georgia (Figure 6). FOSSIL RECORD.—Pyrgulopsis appears to date from the late Tertiary of the western United States (Taylor, 1985, table 2), although assignment of fossil forms to the genus is largely conjectural. REMARKS.—North American workers generally have maintained Pyrgulopsis as a distinct genus, while Wenz (1926) and Thiele (1929) treated it as a subgenus within Tryonia and Hydrobia, respectively. Pyrgulopsis early was placed in the subfamily Hydrobiinae (Thiele, 1929; Wenz, 1939; Taylor, 1966b) while Starobogatov (1970) later allocated the genus to the Nymphophilinae, although without explanation. Thompson (1979), in an important paper redefining the Nymphophilinae, similarly (and apparently independently) suggested this placement, although on a tentative basis given that he had not
NUMBER 554 Sr Ag Dsr FIGURE 4.—Distal female genitalia (left side): a, P. archimedis. USNM 874342 (bar = 0.5 mm); b, P. arizonae, USNM 847226 (bar = 0.5 mm), c, P. avernalis. USNM 874000 (scale as in b); d, P. bernardina, USNM 847218 (bar = 0.25 mm); e, P. brandi. UMMZ uncat. (bar = 0.5 mm). Ag = albumen gland, Bu = bursa copulatrix, Co = coiled oviduct, Cg = capsule gland, Cgo = capsule gland opening, Dbu = bursal duct, Dsr = seminal receptacle duct, Pw = pallial wall, Sr = seminal receptacle, Vc = ventral channel, Vs = vestibule.
Page 1 and 2: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Materi
Page 7 and 8: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 554 position of coiled ovidu
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 554 field work and laborator
Page 13: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 2.—Morphology o
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 554 11 studied the anatomy o
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 554 13 contrasted the genus
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 554 15 FIGURE 7.—Western P
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 554 17 Pyrgulopsis amargosae
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 554 19 (in T 3S, R 22E, 25,0
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 554 21 Pratt (1977) recorded
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 554 23 DISTRIBUTION.—This
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 554 25 nucleus slightly ecce
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 554 27 FIGURE 11.—Western
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 554 33 ornament an elongate,
Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 554 35 dium centered slightl
Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 15.—Western Pyr
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis glandulosa H
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 554 41 visceral coil black.
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 554 copulatrix. Seminal rece
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pi
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 554 or lightly pigmented on
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 554 weakly frilled. Attachme
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 554 lake have not yielded li
Page 65 and 66:
NUMBER 554 59 REMARKS.—The small
Page 67 and 68:
NUMBER 554 61 FIGURE 24.—Western
Page 69 and 70:
NUMBER 554 63 units; Dg3 small (som
Page 71 and 72:
NUMBER 554 65 Pyrgulopsis simplex H
Page 73 and 74:
NUMBER 554 67 FIGURE 26.—Western
Page 75 and 76:
NUMBER 554 69 DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ov
Page 77 and 78:
NUMBER 554 71 filament, extending s
Page 79 and 80:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 28.—Eastern Pyr
Page 81 and 82:
NUMBER 554 75 medium length, obliqu
Page 83 and 84:
NUMBER 554 77 2e). Visceral coil li
Page 85 and 86:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 30.—Eastern Pyr
Page 87 and 88:
NUMBER 554 ANSP 61606; paralectotyp
Page 89 and 90:
NUMBER 554 83 and southeastern Ariz
Page 91 and 92:
Appendix 2 Fossil Species Described
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NUMBER 554 87 Pyrgulopsis bryantwal
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NUMBER 554 89 FIGURE 32.—Central
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 34.—Central rad
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NUMBER 554 FIGURE 38.—Central rad
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NUMBER 554 FIGURE 44.—Penes of we
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NUMBER 554 FIGURE 52.—Penes of ea
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Abbott, R.T. 1948. A Potential Snai
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 554 Society of Washington, 1
Page 121:
NUMBER 554 115 gyrus, Gabbia, Hydro
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A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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