A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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30 distinguished by its globose shell and simple pallial vas deferens. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 873296 (topotypes); USNM 873291, Ojo Caliente de Rosetilla, east of Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico. Pyrgulopsis chupaderae (Taylor, 1987), new combination Fontelicella chupaderae Taylor, 1987:24, fig. 11. "Fontelicella" chupaderae.—USDI, 1991b:58819. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ovate- to elongate-conic, small to medium-sized, narrowly umbilicate. Penial lobe and filament medium length. Penial ornament an elongate penial gland, oblique Dgl, short Dg2, Dg3 borne on weak swelling; curved, transverse terminal gland; and ventral gland. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 12*) ovate- to elongate-conic; height, 1.6-2.8 mm; whorls, 4.0-4.5. Protoconch weakly punctate. Teleoconch whorls slightly to moderately convex, weakly shouldered; sculpture of fine growth lines. Aperture large, narrowly ovate, strongly angled above, adnate or (more commonly) slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip complete; columellar lip thick, usually broadly reflected. Outer lip near orthocline. Umbilicus narrowly rimate. Periostracum tan to brown. Operculum (Figure \2f,g) narrowly ovate, dark amber, nucleus highly eccentric; dorsal surface frilled. Attachment scar margin thickened all around, broadly elevated between nucleus and inner edge; callus small. Central radular tooth (Figure 34c) with strongly indented dorsal edge; tooth face square; lateral cusps, 5; central cusp pointed, narrow, longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, mediumsized, with weak dorsal support. Basal process broad; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins slightly thickened; neck very weak. Cephalic tentacles, snout, anterior and posterior edges of foot, anterior edge of opercular lobe, pallial roof, visceral coil dark gray-black. Neck usually lighter than remaining head-foot, sometimes pale. Ctenidial filaments, 15, medium height and width. Osphradium centrally positioned along ctenidial axis. Kidney opening white. Stomach caecum small, hemispherical. Testis, 0.5 whorl, pressed against posterior edge of stomach. Prostate gland elongate bean-shaped; pallial section large (33%); pallial vas deferens proximally kinked. Penis (Figure 45b) large, extending well beyond mantle edge; base elongaterectangular, filament medium length, narrow, strongly tapering; lobe shorter than filament, broad, swollen distally. Penial gland filling most of filament length. Dgl oblique, filling half or less of penis width, borne on low swelling; Dg2 short, slightly oblique; Dg3 borne on weak swelling along right edge of lobe distally. Terminal gland elongate, curved, transverse, borne along distal edge of lobe (ventral aspect). Ventral gland large, stalked, borne near mid-length, sometimes accompanied SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY by smaller gland anteriorly. Filament moderately pigmented internally. Ovary, 1 whorl, very slightly overlapping posterior stomach. Pallial albumen gland large (33%). Capsule gland considerably longer than albumen gland. Genital aperture a broad terminal opening without vestibule. Coiled oviduct a small, circular loop abutting pallial wall. Oviduct and bursal duct join at pallial wall. Bursa copulatrix pyriform, posterior end weakly angled - pointed, massive (considerably longer and as broad as albumen gland), with almost entire length posterior to albumen gland. Bursal duct emerges slightly lateral to anterior tip of structure; duct slender, very short, slightly dorsal to coiled oviduct, partially embedded in albumen gland proximally. Seminal receptacle finger-like, short, positioned along ventral edge of bursa copulatrix near mid-length. TYPE LOCALITY.—Willow Spring, on Cienaga Ranch at south end of Chupadera Mountains, about 5 mi (8 km) west of Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge headquarters, Socorro County, New Mexico. Holotype, LACM 2218; paratypes, UTEP 10052, ANSP 376027, FSM 160938, USNM 854081. DISTRIBUTION.—Endemic to type locality area, Rio Grande drainage. REMARKS.—This species differs from closely similar P. neomexicana by its single ventral gland on penis, anterior position of ovary, circular oviduct coil, dorsal position of bursal duct, and ventral position of seminal receptacle. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 873426 (topotypes). Pyrgulopsis conica Hershler, 1988 Pyrgulopsis conicus Hershler in Hershler and Landye, 1988:21, figs. lOe, 16a-d, 17,18.—USDI, 1991b:58821. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ovate- to elongate-conic, small to medium-sized, umbilicate. Penial lobe and filament medium length. Penial ornament a near-circular terminal gland. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 13a) ovate- to elongate-conic; height, 1.8-2.7 mm; whorls, 4. Protoconch near smooth. Teleoconch whorls convex, slightly shouldered; sculpture of moderate growth lines. Aperture adnate or slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip complete, slightly thickened; columellar lip reflected. Outer lip near orthocline. Umbilicus narrowly rimate to broadly perforate. Periostracum very light amber. Operculum (Figure I3b,c) ovate, very light amber, nucleus highly eccentric; dorsal surface smooth. Attachment scar margin broadly thickened between nucleus and inner edge, and along latter, scar a faint trace along outer edge; callus very small. Central radular tooth (Figure 34d) with moderately indented dorsal edge; lateral cusps, 4-6; central cusp pointed, slightly longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, short, broadly triangular, with weak to moderate dorsal support. Basal process narrowly
NUMBER 554 31 FIGURE 13.—Western Pyrgulopsis: a-c, P. conica (a, bolotype, USNM 859039,2.5 mm; bx, opercula, USNM 847237, bars = 0.31 mm, 0.30 mm); d-f, P. crystalis (d, holotype, USNM 859205,2.3 mm; e,f, opercula, USNM 850369, bars = 0.35 mm. 0.31 mm); g-i, P. davisi, USNM 873247 (g, shell, 2.3 mm; h, i, opercula, bars = 0.32 mm, 0.33 mm).
Page 1 and 2: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Materi
Page 7 and 8: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 554 position of coiled ovidu
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 554 field work and laborator
Page 13 and 14: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 2.—Morphology o
Page 15 and 16: NUMBER 554 Sr Ag Dsr FIGURE 4.—Di
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 554 11 studied the anatomy o
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 554 13 contrasted the genus
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 554 15 FIGURE 7.—Western P
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 554 17 Pyrgulopsis amargosae
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 554 19 (in T 3S, R 22E, 25,0
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 554 21 Pratt (1977) recorded
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 554 23 DISTRIBUTION.—This
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 554 25 nucleus slightly ecce
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 554 27 FIGURE 11.—Western
Page 35: NUMBER 554 29 FIGURE 12.—Western
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 554 33 ornament an elongate,
Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 554 35 dium centered slightl
Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 15.—Western Pyr
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis glandulosa H
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 554 41 visceral coil black.
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 554 copulatrix. Seminal rece
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pi
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 554 or lightly pigmented on
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 554 weakly frilled. Attachme
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 554 lake have not yielded li
Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 554 59 REMARKS.—The small
Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 554 63 units; Dg3 small (som
Page 71 and 72: NUMBER 554 65 Pyrgulopsis simplex H
Page 75 and 76: NUMBER 554 69 DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ov
Page 77 and 78: NUMBER 554 71 filament, extending s
Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 28.—Eastern Pyr
Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 554 75 medium length, obliqu
Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 554 77 2e). Visceral coil li
Page 85 and 86: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 30.—Eastern Pyr
Page 87 and 88:
NUMBER 554 ANSP 61606; paralectotyp
Page 89 and 90:
NUMBER 554 83 and southeastern Ariz
Page 91 and 92:
Appendix 2 Fossil Species Described
Page 93 and 94:
NUMBER 554 87 Pyrgulopsis bryantwal
Page 95 and 96:
NUMBER 554 89 FIGURE 32.—Central
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 34.—Central rad
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 38.—Central rad
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 44.—Penes of we
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Page 115 and 116:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 52.—Penes of ea
Page 117 and 118:
Abbott, R.T. 1948. A Potential Snai
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 554 Society of Washington, 1
Page 121:
NUMBER 554 115 gyrus, Gabbia, Hydro
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A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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