66 pouch-like, narrow, medium length, positioned just anterior to or slightly overlapping bursa copulatrix. TYPE LOCALITY.—Brown Spring, Yavapai County, Arizona (T 12N, R 9E, SE1/4 sec. 23). Holotype, USNM 859045; paratypes, USNM 859046. DISTRIBUTION.—Endemic to type locality, Verde River drainage. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 850290 (topotypes). <strong>Pyrgulopsis</strong> stearnsiana (Pilsbry, 1899) Paludestrina stearnsiana Pilsbry, 1899:122—Walker, 1918:139—Baker, 1964:176 [in part]. Fontelicella stearnsiana.—-Gregg and Taylor, 1965:108.—Taylor, 1975:180; 1981:152.—Burch, 1982:26—Turgeon et al., 1988:61. <strong>Pyrgulopsis</strong> stearnsiana.—Hershler and Thompson, 1987:30. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ovate-conic, medium-sized, weakly umbilicate. Penial filament elongate, lobe very short Penial ornament a circular terminal gland. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 25g) ovate-conic; height, 2.5-3.1 mm; whorls, 4.5-5.0. Early protoconch weakly punctate, o<strong>the</strong>rwise near smooth, Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, slightly shouldered; sculpture <strong>of</strong> weak growth lines. Aperture narrowly adnate to slightly separated from <strong>the</strong> body whorl. Inner lip complete, thin; columellar lip sometimes slightly reflected. Outer lip near orthocline. Umbilicus rimate to weakly perforate. Periostracum light brown. Operculum (Figure 25h,i) ovate, amber, darker centrally; nucleus highly eccentric; dorsal surface weakly frilled. Attachment scar margin thickened all around, broadly so along most <strong>of</strong> inner edge (sometimes all around); callus weak. Central radular tooth (Figure 40a) with moderately indented dorsal edge; lateral cusps, 5-6; central cusp pointed, tonguelike, slightly broader and longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, large, with moderate dorsal support Basal process narrow; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins slightly thickened; neck weak-absent Cephalic tentacles, snout pale to moderate gray-black. Foot pale to light gray. Opercular lobe dark along margins, especially sides. Neck pale-light. Pallial ro<strong>of</strong>, visceral coil black. Ctenidial filaments, 19, tall, broad. Osphradium centered slightly posterior to middle <strong>of</strong> ctenidial axis. Kidney opening white. Stomach caecum large. Testis, 2 whorls, overlapping stomach to edge <strong>of</strong> style sac. Prostate gland with large (25%) pallial section; pallial vas deferens with proximal kink. Penis (Figure 51b) medium-sized; filament almost as long as base, tapering; lobe very short to near-absent, narrow. Terminal gland small, circular, borne along distal edge <strong>of</strong> lobe (ventral surface). Filament dark. Ovary, 0.5-0.75 whorl, overlapping entirety <strong>of</strong> posterior stomach chamber. Pallial albumen gland large (25%-3O%). Capsule gland as long as albumen gland. Genital aperture a broad, subterminal slit with short vestibule. Coiled oviduct a SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY posterior oblique coil overlapping broader, horizontal loop slightly behind pallial wall. Oviduct and bursal duct join slightly behind pallial wall. Bursa copulatrix ovoid, medium length and width, with 65%-75% <strong>of</strong> length posterior to gland. Bursa duct narrow, shallowly embedded in albumen gland distally, medium length. Seminal receptacle pouch-like, long (60%), lateral to proximal bursal duct or slightly overlapping anterior bursa copulatrix. TYPE LOCALITY.—Near Oakland (California). Lectotype (Baker, 1964:176), ANSP 27961; paralectotypes, ANSP 396667. DISTRIBUTION.—Central, coastal California, from Sonoma County to Monterey County (Taylor, 1981). Sierra Nevada populations mentioned by Taylor require confirmation. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 873366, USNM 874181, Palo Seco creek, terminal pool, Alameda County, California. <strong>Pyrgulopsis</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmalis (Taylor, 1987), new combination Fontelicella <strong>the</strong>rmalis Taylor. 1987:28, fig. 13. "Fontelicella" <strong>the</strong>rmalis.—USDI, 1991b:58819. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell globose to broadly conical, small, umbilicate. Penial filament medium length, lobe short. Penial ornament an elongate penial gland, curved Dgl, Dg2; elongate, transverse, curved terminal gland; and ventral gland. Dorsal glands sometimes fused. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 26a) globose to broadly conical; height, 1.5-2.0 mm; whorls, 3.0-3.5. Early protoconch very weakly punctate, later portion smooth. Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, strongly shouldered; sculpture <strong>of</strong> moderate growth lines. Aperture large, adnate to body whorl. Inner lip complete, highly thickened (forming broad callus). Outer lip thick, strongly prosocline. Umbilicus near absent to perforate. Periostracum tan, thin. Operculum (Figure 26b,c) ovate, amber, darkened centrally; nucleus slightly eccentric; dorsal surface weakly frilled. Attachment scar margin broadly thickened along inner edge (sometimes to nucleus); outer edge slightly thickened or near smooth; callus well developed, elongate. Central radular tooth (Figure AOb) with moderately indented dorsal edge; tooth face near square; lateral cusps, 4-5; central cusp pointed, extremely elongate, considerably longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, small, short, with strong dorsal support Basal process broad; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins slightly thickened; neck moderate. Cephalic tentacles, snout light-dark brown. Foot usually light, sometimes dark. Opercular lobe dark along anterior edge, sometimes moderately pigmented along entire margin. Neck light-moderate, with central unpigmented strip. Pallial ro<strong>of</strong>, visceral coil usually dark (near uniformly) brown-black; mantle pigment rarely light Ctenidial filaments, 15, short, medium width. Osphradium centered slightly posterior to middle <strong>of</strong> ctenidium. Kidney opening unthickened. Stomach caecum small, narrow.
NUMBER 554 67 FIGURE 26.—Western <strong>Pyrgulopsis</strong>: a-c, P. <strong>the</strong>rmalis, USNM 873250 (a, shell, 1.9 mm; b,c, opercula, bar = 0.3 mm); d-f, P. thompsoni, USNM 847238 (d, shell, 2.4 mm; e.f, opercula, bar = 0.29 mm); g-i, P. trivialis, USNM 847234 (#, shell, 3.0 mm; h, i, opercula, bars = 0.38 mm, 0.35 mm).
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A Review of the North American Fres
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
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Contents Page Introduction 1 Materi
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A Review of the North American Fres
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NUMBER 554 position of coiled ovidu
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NUMBER 554 field work and laborator
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NUMBER 554 FIGURE 2.—Morphology o
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NUMBER 554 Sr Ag Dsr FIGURE 4.—Di
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NUMBER 554 11 studied the anatomy o
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NUMBER 554 13 contrasted the genus
- Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 554 15 FIGURE 7.—Western P
- Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 554 17 Pyrgulopsis amargosae
- Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 554 19 (in T 3S, R 22E, 25,0
- Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 554 21 Pratt (1977) recorded
- Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 554 23 DISTRIBUTION.—This
- Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 554 25 nucleus slightly ecce
- Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 554 27 FIGURE 11.—Western
- Page 35 and 36: NUMBER 554 29 FIGURE 12.—Western
- Page 37 and 38: NUMBER 554 31 FIGURE 13.—Western
- Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 554 33 ornament an elongate,
- Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 554 35 dium centered slightl
- Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 15.—Western Pyr
- Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis glandulosa H
- Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 554 41 visceral coil black.
- Page 49 and 50: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 17.—Western Pyr
- Page 51 and 52: NUMBER 554 45 FIGURE 18.—Western
- Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 554 copulatrix. Seminal rece
- Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pi
- Page 57 and 58: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 20.—Western Pyr
- Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 554 or lightly pigmented on
- Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 554 weakly frilled. Attachme
- Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 554 lake have not yielded li
- Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 554 59 REMARKS.—The small
- Page 67 and 68: NUMBER 554 61 FIGURE 24.—Western
- Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 554 63 units; Dg3 small (som
- Page 71: NUMBER 554 65 Pyrgulopsis simplex H
- Page 75 and 76: NUMBER 554 69 DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ov
- Page 77 and 78: NUMBER 554 71 filament, extending s
- Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 28.—Eastern Pyr
- Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 554 75 medium length, obliqu
- Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 554 77 2e). Visceral coil li
- Page 85 and 86: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 30.—Eastern Pyr
- Page 87 and 88: NUMBER 554 ANSP 61606; paralectotyp
- Page 89 and 90: NUMBER 554 83 and southeastern Ariz
- Page 91 and 92: Appendix 2 Fossil Species Described
- Page 93 and 94: NUMBER 554 87 Pyrgulopsis bryantwal
- Page 95 and 96: NUMBER 554 89 FIGURE 32.—Central
- Page 97 and 98: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 34.—Central rad
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- Page 101 and 102: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 38.—Central rad
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- Page 107 and 108: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 44.—Penes of we
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- Page 119 and 120: NUMBER 554 Society of Washington, 1
- Page 121: NUMBER 554 115 gyrus, Gabbia, Hydro