A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 16.—Western Pyrgulopsis: a-d, P. hendersoni (a, shell, USNM 360805, 4.8 mm; b, shell, USNM 874386, 5.3 mm; c4, opercula, USNM 874386, bars = 0.71 mm, 0.67 mm); e-g, P. idahoensis (e, shell, UCM 20777,4.9 mm; /. g, opercula, USNM 874698, bar = 0.6 mm).
NUMBER 554 41 visceral coil black. Ctenidial filaments, 36, very tall, broad. Osphradium centered posterior to middle of ctenidial axis. Kidney opening white. Stomach caceum prominent, triangular, darkly pigmented. Tbstis, 1.5 whorls, overlapping stomach to edge of style sac. Prostate gland very broad posteriorly, thickened, with large pallial section (40%). Pallial vas deferens thickened, with proximal kink. Penis (Figure 46/) very large, extending well beyond edge of mantle collar, base elongate-rectangular, filament very short, narrow, tapering; lobe large, broad. Dgl elongate, extending along right edge (sometimes slightly overlapping proximal filament), to mid-penis; gland curving inward posteriorly where weakly raised; smaller glandular dots sometimes present to left of above. Dg2 usually short, sometimes fused with Dg3, sometimes fragmented into or accompanied by several short strips; Dg3 borne on welldefined lobule. Terminal gland elongate, transverse, straight, borne along distal edge of lobe, usually ventrally. Ventral gland small, stalked, centrally positioned (sometimes absent). Filament darkly pigmented internally. Ovary, 1.5 whorls, overlapping stomach to edge of style sac. Pallial albumen gland large (30%). Capsule gland longer than albumen gland. Genital aperture a short terminal slit; vestibule very short or absent. Coiled oviduct a horizontal loop (kinked proximally) well behind pallial wall near posterior end of albumen gland. Oviduct and bursal duct join anterior to oviduct coil behind pallial wall. Bursa copulatrix ovoid, about as long and as wide as albumen gland, with most of length (about 70%) posterior to gland. Bursal duct medium width, very short Seminal receptacle finger-like, short, overlapping anterior bursa copulatrix, extending to posterior edge of albumen gland. TYPE LOCALITY.—South of Burns, Oregon. Holotype, ANSP 145951; paratypes, ANSP 396668. DISTRIBUTION.—Hamey Lake basin, Malheur River drainage, Harney County, Oregon (Gregg and Taylor, 1965; Taylor and Smith, 1981). REMARKS.—Distinguished from similar P. idahoensis (from Snake River) by broader shell; simple, circular oviduct coil; consistent presence of ventral penial gland; elongate, ovate bursa copulatrix; dorsal position of bursal duct, and anterior position of seminal receptacle. Recent field survey by the author (and T. Frest, pers. comm.) indicated that this species is probably extinct in its type locality area. Anatomical data were obtained from material collected from the western Harney Lake basin. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 874386, Lower Sizemore Spring, Warm Springs Valley, Harney Lake basin, Harney County, Oregon (T 27S, R 29E, NW1/4 sec. 15). Pyrgulopsis idahoensis (Pilsbry, 1933) Amnicola idahoensis Pilsbry. 1933:11, pi. 2: figs, 3, 4, 5.—Henderson, 1936*137, fig. 6.—Branson et al., 1966:145. Fontelicella (Natricola) idahoensis.—Gregg and Taylor, 1965:109.—Burch, 1982:26, figs. 241,242. Fontelicella idahoensis.—Taylor, 1966a:73; 1975:101.—Tbrgeon et al., 1988:61.—USDI, 1991b:58819. Pyrgulopsis idahoensis.—-Hershler and Thompson, 1987:29.—Bowler and Frest, 1992:30.—Frest and Bowler, 1992:45.—USDI, 1992:59244. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell narrow to elongate-conic, large, weakly umbilicate. Penial filament and lobe medium length; lobe broad. Penial ornament an elongate Dgl, short Dg2, Dg3 borne on lobule; elongate, transverse terminal gland, and sometimes a ventral gland. Dorsal glands sometimes fused. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure \6e) narrowly- to elongateconic; height, 5-7.5 mm; whorls, 5-6. Protoconch very weakly punctate near apex, otherwise smooth except for several faint spiral lines on later portion; often eroded, whitish. Teleoconch whorls slightly to moderately convex, often with weak to strong peripheral angulation; sculpture of weak growth lines and numerous, faint spiral lines. Aperture ovate, broadly adnate to or slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip complete, medium thickness; columellar lip with weak or no reflection. Outer lip prosocline. Umbilicus absent to narrowly rimate. Periostracum olive-tan. Operculum (Figure 16/,g) ovate, generally light amber, but dark red in nuclear region and along inner edge; nucleus slightly eccentric; dorsal surface weakly frilled. Attachment scar margin highly thickened all around, broadly so between nucleus and mid-point of inner edge (sometimes slightly raised between nucleus and inner edge); callus moderate. Central radular tooth (Figure 36ft) with moderately indented dorsal edge; tooth face square; lateral cusps, 4-5; central cusp rounded, considerably broader, slightly longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, short, with strong dorsal support Basal process medium width; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins thickened; neck very weak-absent. Cephalic tentacles, snout light-moderate brown. Foot pale or moderate brown along anterior edge. Opercular lobe pale or with dark sides. Neck pale-light Pallial roof, visceral coil black. Ctenidial filaments, 35, very tall, broad. Osphradium elongate (35%), centered slightly posterior to middle of ctenidial axis. Kidney opening white. Stomach caecum broadly triangular, large. Testis, 2 whorls, overlapping anterior stomach chamber. Prostate gland large, posterior section extremely broad; pallial section large (27%). Pallial vas deferens with strong proximal kink. Penis (Figure 47a) large; base broadly rectangular, filaifient medium length, narrow; lobe about as long as filament, broad. Dgl crossing penis width at mid-length to outer edge and extending onto base of filament, borne on swelling proximally; small glandular dots sometimes present to left of above. Dg2 usually short, sometimes fused with Dg3; Dg3 large (sometimes fragmented into smaller units), borne on well-defined lobule. Terminal gland transverse, narrowly elongate, straight, positioned along distal edge of lobe, usually largely ventral. Ventral penis with central swelling rarely
Page 1 and 2: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Materi
Page 7 and 8: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 554 position of coiled ovidu
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 554 field work and laborator
Page 13 and 14: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 2.—Morphology o
Page 15 and 16: NUMBER 554 Sr Ag Dsr FIGURE 4.—Di
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 554 11 studied the anatomy o
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 554 13 contrasted the genus
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 554 15 FIGURE 7.—Western P
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 554 17 Pyrgulopsis amargosae
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 554 19 (in T 3S, R 22E, 25,0
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 554 21 Pratt (1977) recorded
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 554 23 DISTRIBUTION.—This
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 554 25 nucleus slightly ecce
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 554 27 FIGURE 11.—Western
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 554 33 ornament an elongate,
Page 41 and 42: NUMBER 554 35 dium centered slightl
Page 43 and 44: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 15.—Western Pyr
Page 45: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis glandulosa H
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 554 copulatrix. Seminal rece
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pi
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 554 or lightly pigmented on
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 554 weakly frilled. Attachme
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 554 lake have not yielded li
Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 554 59 REMARKS.—The small
Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 554 63 units; Dg3 small (som
Page 71 and 72: NUMBER 554 65 Pyrgulopsis simplex H
Page 75 and 76: NUMBER 554 69 DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ov
Page 77 and 78: NUMBER 554 71 filament, extending s
Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 28.—Eastern Pyr
Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 554 75 medium length, obliqu
Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 554 77 2e). Visceral coil li
Page 85 and 86: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 30.—Eastern Pyr
Page 87 and 88: NUMBER 554 ANSP 61606; paralectotyp
Page 89 and 90: NUMBER 554 83 and southeastern Ariz
Page 91 and 92: Appendix 2 Fossil Species Described
Page 93 and 94: NUMBER 554 87 Pyrgulopsis bryantwal
Page 95 and 96: NUMBER 554 89 FIGURE 32.—Central
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 34.—Central rad
Page 99 and 100:
NUMBER 554 93 FIGURE 36.—Central
Page 101 and 102:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 38.—Central rad
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 44.—Penes of we
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 52.—Penes of ea
Page 117 and 118:
Abbott, R.T. 1948. A Potential Snai
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 554 Society of Washington, 1
Page 121:
NUMBER 554 115 gyrus, Gabbia, Hydro
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A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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