A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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36 Point of Rocks (T 18S, R 5 IE, SE1/4 sec. 7), which I have considered as the type locality (Hershler and Sada, 1987). Lectotype (Baker, 1964:172), ANSP 73607; paralectotypes, ANSP 396951. DISTRIBUTION.—Point of Rocks spring complex, Ash Meadows, Amargosa River drainage. REMARKS.—Distinguished from closely similar P. pisteri by its more globose shell, blade-like penis, and absence of anterior capsule gland vestibule. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 857861 (topotypes); USNM 857862, Point of Rocks springs. Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis Hershler and Sada, 1987 Pyrgulopsisfairbanksensis Hershler and Sada, 1987:7%, figs. 8d,g, 18a,b, 19a, 24d, 25-27—USDI, 1991b:58821. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell globose-turbinate, medium-sized, umbilicate. Penial filament elongate, lobe short. Penial ornament a small, circular terminal gland. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure I4g) globose-turbinate; height, 2.5-3.4 mm; whorls, 3-4. Early protoconch weakly punctate (Figure lc), later portion near smooth except for faint adapical spiral striae. Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, weakly shouldered; sculpture of strong growth lines. Aperture broadly ovate, adnate or slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip complete, thickened; columellar lip slightly reflected. Outer lip prosocline. Umbilicus rimate to perforate, often eroded. Periostracum light amber. Operculum (Figure I4h,i) broadly ovate, light amber, nucleus slightly eccentric; dorsal surface very weakly frilled. Attachment scar margin smooth except for weak thickening along inner edge near nucleus; callus very small, weak. Central radular tooth (Figure 35c) with weakly indented dorsal edge; lateral cusps, 3-4; central cusp pointed, extremely broad, considerably longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, small, short, with strong dorsal support Basal process broad; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins thickened; neck moderate. Cephalic tentacles pale. Snout pale to moderate brown; foot light-moderate brown. Opercular lobe pale or dark along margins, especially anterior and posterior edges. Neck palelight brown. Pallial roof, visceral coil light-dark brown. Ctenidial filaments, 18, tall, medium width, extending to mantle edge. Osphradium centered slightly posterior to middle of ctenidial axis. Kidney opening slightly thickened. Stomach caecum absent. Testis, 1.25 whorls, overlapping stomach to posterior edge of style sac. Prostate gland with large (40%) pallial section; pallial vas deferens without proximal kink. Penis (Figure 46b) medium-sized, elongate; base elongate-rectangular, filament about as long as and slightly narrower than base; lobe very short, distally blunt. Terminal gland circular, borne along distal edge of lobe, usually on ventral surface. Filament moderate brown; pigment sometimes only present proximally. Ovary, 0.5 whorl, slightly overlapping anterior stomach SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY chamber. Albumen gland without a pallial section. Capsule gland as long as albumen gland. Genital aperture a subterminal slit with short vestibule. Coiled oviduct a small, near circular loop (sometimes proceeded and overlapped by weak horizontal twist) slightly posterior to pallial wall. Oviduct and bursal duct join slightly behind pallial wall. Bursa copulatrix sub-globular, medium length, broad (65%), with about 40% of length posterior to albumen gland. Anterior bursa copulatrix usually shallowly embedded in albumen gland. Bursal duct very narrow, embedded in albumen gland, slightly longer than bursa copulatrix. Seminal receptacle sac-like, short, overlapping proximal bursa duct, sometimes shallowly embedded in albumen gland. TYPE LOCALITY.—Fairbanks Spring, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada (T 17S, R 50E, NE1/4 sec. 9). Holotype, USNM 859203; paratypes, USNM 859204, FSM 93955. DISTRIBUTION.—Endemic to type locality, Amargosa River drainage. REMARKS.—Distinguished from similar P. isolata by elongate central radular tooth, absence of caecal chamber of stomach, short penial lobe, circular terminal gland of penis, broad bursa copulatrix, short seminal receptacle. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—USNM 850367, 850368 (topotypes). Pyrgulopsis gilae (Taylor, 1987), new combination Fontelicella gilae Taylor, 1987:16, fig. 7. "Fontelicella" gilae.—USDI, 1991b:58819. DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ovate-conic, medium to large-sized, narrowly umbilicate. Penial filament and lobe medium length. Penial ornament of two elongate penial glands, short Dg2, Dg3 borne on weak swelling, several other small dorsal glands; curved, transverse terminal gland, and ventral gland. DESCRIPTION.—Shell (Figure 15a) ovate-conic; height, 3.1-4.0 mm; whorls, 4.5. Protoconch near smooth. Teleoconch whorls moderately to highly convex, shouldered; sculpture of moderate growth lines. Aperture ovate, adnate or slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip complete, thickened; columellar lip slightly reflected. Outer lip slightly prosocline. Umbilicus narrowly perforate. Periostracum tan. Operculum (Figure \5b,c) ovate, light amber, nucleus slightly eccentric; dorsal surface smooth. Attachment scar margin broadly thickened between nucleus and inner edge, otherwise faint; callus weak. Central radular tooth (Figure 35d) with moderately indented dorsal edge; lateral cusps, 4; central cusp rounded, slightly broader, considerably longer than laterals; basal cusps, 1, medium-sized, slightly curved, with moderate dorsal support. Basal process moderately broad; basal sockets deep. Lateral margins slightly thickened; neck moderate-pronounced. Head-foot generally pale. Cephalic tentacles with black internal pigment patches distal to eyespots. Snout pale or light brown. Opercular lobe with dark internal pigment along
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 15.—Western Pyrgulopsis: a-c, P. gilae, USNM 873211 (a, shell. 2.9 mm; bjc. opercula, bar = 0.38 mm); d-f, P. giulianii. USNM 857954 {d, shell, 3.0 mm; e.f, opercula, bar = 0.33 mm); g-i. P. glandulosa. USNM 847205 (g, shell. 2.4 mm; h, i, opercula. bars = 0.3 mm. 0.38 mm). 37
Page 1 and 2: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 3 and 4: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 5 and 6: Contents Page Introduction 1 Materi
Page 7 and 8: A Review of the North American Fres
Page 9 and 10: NUMBER 554 position of coiled ovidu
Page 11 and 12: NUMBER 554 field work and laborator
Page 13 and 14: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 2.—Morphology o
Page 15 and 16: NUMBER 554 Sr Ag Dsr FIGURE 4.—Di
Page 17 and 18: NUMBER 554 11 studied the anatomy o
Page 19 and 20: NUMBER 554 13 contrasted the genus
Page 21 and 22: NUMBER 554 15 FIGURE 7.—Western P
Page 23 and 24: NUMBER 554 17 Pyrgulopsis amargosae
Page 25 and 26: NUMBER 554 19 (in T 3S, R 22E, 25,0
Page 27 and 28: NUMBER 554 21 Pratt (1977) recorded
Page 29 and 30: NUMBER 554 23 DISTRIBUTION.—This
Page 31 and 32: NUMBER 554 25 nucleus slightly ecce
Page 33 and 34: NUMBER 554 27 FIGURE 11.—Western
Page 39 and 40: NUMBER 554 33 ornament an elongate,
Page 41: NUMBER 554 35 dium centered slightl
Page 45 and 46: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis glandulosa H
Page 47 and 48: NUMBER 554 41 visceral coil black.
Page 49 and 50: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 17.—Western Pyr
Page 53 and 54: NUMBER 554 copulatrix. Seminal rece
Page 55 and 56: NUMBER 554 Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pi
Page 57 and 58: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 20.—Western Pyr
Page 59 and 60: NUMBER 554 or lightly pigmented on
Page 61 and 62: NUMBER 554 weakly frilled. Attachme
Page 63 and 64: NUMBER 554 lake have not yielded li
Page 65 and 66: NUMBER 554 59 REMARKS.—The small
Page 69 and 70: NUMBER 554 63 units; Dg3 small (som
Page 71 and 72: NUMBER 554 65 Pyrgulopsis simplex H
Page 75 and 76: NUMBER 554 69 DIAGNOSIS.—Shell ov
Page 77 and 78: NUMBER 554 71 filament, extending s
Page 79 and 80: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 28.—Eastern Pyr
Page 81 and 82: NUMBER 554 75 medium length, obliqu
Page 83 and 84: NUMBER 554 77 2e). Visceral coil li
Page 85 and 86: NUMBER 554 FIGURE 30.—Eastern Pyr
Page 87 and 88: NUMBER 554 ANSP 61606; paralectotyp
Page 89 and 90: NUMBER 554 83 and southeastern Ariz
Page 91 and 92: Appendix 2 Fossil Species Described
Page 93 and 94:
NUMBER 554 87 Pyrgulopsis bryantwal
Page 95 and 96:
NUMBER 554 89 FIGURE 32.—Central
Page 97 and 98:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 34.—Central rad
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 38.—Central rad
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 44.—Penes of we
Page 109 and 110:
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Page 115 and 116:
NUMBER 554 FIGURE 52.—Penes of ea
Page 117 and 118:
Abbott, R.T. 1948. A Potential Snai
Page 119 and 120:
NUMBER 554 Society of Washington, 1
Page 121:
NUMBER 554 115 gyrus, Gabbia, Hydro
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A Review of the North American Freshwater Snail Genus Pyrgulopsis

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