the ideology of lexical choices in the turkish translations of oliver twist

Considering adaptation as negative corresponds to Lawrence Venuti’s ideas
on domestication (as opposed to foreignization). Domestication is a translation
strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted so as to diminish the
strangeness of the source text for the target culture readers.
Being fervently critical of domestication, Venuti argues that this strategy is
“an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values,
bringing the author back home” (1995; 20). He also associates domestication with
the target culture’s “narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a
cultural other” (1995; 15). He is in favor of the foreignized translations, which
“signal the linguistic and cultural differences of the foreign text” (1995; 311).
Therefore, in Venuti’s view, a domesticating strategy preserves the cultural
peculiarities whereas a foreignizing strategy obliterates them.
However, Paloposki and Oittinen do not seem to agree with Venuti’s negative
views on domestication. According to them, translation always involves the act of
domestication as when the text is translated; it becomes part of the target-language
culture and literature. Since translation is carried out for target culture readers, it is
pretty natural for translators to take their assumed views and ways of understanding
into account. They argue that what the translator does while domesticating is to
shape the text into a credible whole for the target culture readers (Paloposki &
Oittinen, 2001; 387). They also elaborate on commonly domesticated elements as
well as the reasons behind domestication. As they put it, names, settings, genres,
historical events, cultural or religious rites or beliefs are among the commonly
domesticated elements in the translation process. As for the reasons, they state that
domestication is carried out for minority or majority cultures, for political ideals, for
religious beliefs (which is seen in the case of the Turkish versions of Oliver Twist),
for political pressures, censorship or differing moral values (ibid.).
1.3.3.3. Lefevere’s Concept of Patronage in relation to Ideology
Lefevere points out that literature and translation can and should be analyzed
in systematic terms. For that reason, he chooses to make use of the concept of
‘literature as system,’ which is introduced into the domain of literary studies by the
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