KiVa – A national anti-bullying programme for Finnish schools
KiVa – A national anti-bullying programme for Finnish schools
KiVa – A national anti-bullying programme for Finnish schools
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The behavior of onlookers/bystanders<br />
does matter<br />
Classroom level<br />
• In classrooms where rein<strong>for</strong>cing the bully is occurring at high<br />
levels and defending is rare<br />
• Bullying is more frequent<br />
(Salmivalli, Voeten, & Poskiparta, 2011)<br />
• Individual-level risk factors are more likely to lead to<br />
victimization<br />
(Kärnä, Voeten, Poskiparta, & Salmivalli, 2010)