THE MEDITERRANEAN LOWER CRETACEOUS

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Table 12 Comparative Table of the Foraminifera Zones in SE France, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia (after various authors from Kovatcheva, 1976) Series Stage Creti 1CC0US Lower tian Ар' Barre :mian Hauterivian Substage yesian Clansa Gargas ian Bed< Julian er 1 ex Upi /er sо —I Upper SE France (after M о u 11 a d e, 1966) N. Bulgaria (after Kovatcheva, 1976) Czechoslovakia W. Carpathians (after Sala j, Samuel, 1966) Zones Subzones Zones Subzones Zones Subzones bejaouaensis without Pieurostom. -U301 fern sis sigal i with-] out e •ichen-' bergi 1 'u S v. eichen barre osta— sigmoic sigali O. aff. brotzeni without Pleurostomella bejaouaensis without О. aff. brotzeni osa trocoidea—algerianus Spin barremiana blowi cabri sigali — H. aff. planispira eichenbergi—aptiensis Clavihedbergella aff. simplex yrfensis Georgsc Spinosd — Roberti Crepidularis — Intermedia Djaffaensis — Colomi Bulgaricus — Barremiana Sigmoicosta — Georgsdorfensis sigmoicosta—sigali J hedbergella without Clavi- g Association of Lenticulina subaperta, L. macrodisca, E. ornata etc. a rober bergell Hedl Haplophragmoides nonioninoides Epistomina (Brotzenia) char lot ae Discorbis wassoewizi Planomalina (Globigerinelloides) algerina о .о S, 'naît Planoi Clavihedbergella siibcretacea Epistomina (Brotzenia) hechti Anomaliana (G.) sigmoicosta sigmoicosta
English literature with the name "Gault". No concrete section was proposed and the original definition is based solely on the palaeontological characteristics given by d'O г b i g n у (1850) in the second volume of "Prodrome de Paleontology". However, d'O г b i g n y specifically referred to the strip of outcrops in the southeastern part of the Paris Basin, which is traversed by the Aube river. In 1979 the French specialists R. Rat, F. M a g n i e z-J a n n i n, J.-J. Cateauneuf etal. published the results of a comprehensive study of the Albian from the region along the Aube river, which fully characterizes the stage in its stratotype region. The lower boundary of this stage is clearly marked by the sharp renovation of ammonite faunas. In many respects Albian ammonite faunas seem cryptogenic, without clear phylogenetic connections for a number of genera with Aptian ammonites. The disappearance of Diadochoceras, C. (Epicheloniceras) and Acanthohoplites, as well as the appearance of Leymeriella, Epileymeriella, Puzosia and Beudanticeras, mark the lower boundary of the stage. The upper boundary of the Albian, which is also the upper boundary of the Lower Cretaceous, is traced between the ammonite zones Stoliczkaia dispar and Mantelliceras mantelli. It is marked by the disappearance of the genera Mortoniceras and Callihoplites, as well as of most species belonging to Anisoceras, Hamites (Stomohamites) and Mariella, and by the appearance of genus Mantelliceras. 2.6.1. Substages The Albian is divided into three substages: Lower, Middle and Upper Albian. The Lower Albian is characterized by Leymeriella, Epileymeriella, Hypacanthoplites, Bellidiscus, Vnigriceras, Cleoniceras, Anadesmoceras, Arcthohoplites, Douvilleieeras, Kosmatella, Protanisoceras, Otohoplites, Anadesmoceras, Beudanticeras, Puzosia, Rossalites, Euphylloceras, Ammonoceratites, etc. The Middle Albian is characterized by Hoplites, Lyelliceras, Anahoplites, Euhoplites, Dimorphoplites, etc. The lower boundary of the substage is traced by the disappearance of the genera Otohoplites and Anadesmoceras, of most representatives of Douvilleieeras and Protanisoceras, as well as by the appearance of Hoplites and Lyelliceras. The Upper Albian is characterized by Mortoniceras, Epihoplites, Anisoceras, Hysteroceras, Prohysteroceras, Idiohamites, Mariella, Lechites, Hamites (Plesiohamites), Stoliczkaia and Dipoloceras. Equivalent to this substage is the concept "Vraconian". The lower boundary of the substage is marked by the disappearance of Dimorphoplites, of most Anohoplites, as well as by the appearance of mass development of Mortoniceras, Epihoplites, Anisoceras, Idiohamites, Hysteroceras, Prohysteroceras, etc. 2.6.2. Biostratigraphic Zones Ammonite Zones The Albian contains rich ammonite faunas which outline characteristic successions, on the basis of which a number of zones and subzones have been differentiated. Usually 6-10 zones and 20-22 subzones are distinguished. Some zones and most of the subzones are typical local range-zones, without particular significance for wide correlations. Six stable zones are outlined in the Albian space of the Mediterranean Region, which the author of the monograph accepts as being standard for the stage in this region: L. tardefurcata, D. mammillatum, H. dentatus, E. lautus, M. inflatum and S. dispar Zones (Table 13). 36
Page 1 and 2: IChlor « Nikoiov THE MEDITERRANEAN
Page 3 and 4: Todor G. Nikolov LE CRETACE INFERIE
Page 5 and 6: In this monograph the Lower Cretace
Page 7 and 8: ficiently investigated. On the othe
Page 10 and 11: Part One INTRODUCTION I. GENERAL RE
Page 12 and 13: Table 1 Radiometric Data for the Lo
Page 14 and 15: N а с h e v, Lilov (1975) have ob
Page 16 and 17: that there exist close ammonite aff
Page 18 and 19: Table 4 Calpionellid Zones a .2 '5
Page 20 and 21: Calpionellid Zones Calpionellid zon
Page 22 and 23: 3. Blueish and yellowish marls with
Page 24 and 25: С. oblongata Zone. It is based on
Page 26 and 27: Table 7 Ammonite Zones in the Haute
Page 28 and 29: Table 8 The Hauterlvian-Barremian B
Page 30 and 31: Table 9 Ammonite Zones in Barremian
Page 32 and 33: The lower boundary of the Àptian i
Page 34 and 35: P. pachistephanum Zone. It is based
Page 38 and 39: Table 13 Biostratigraphic Zones in
Page 40 and 41: Sow., A. pseudoelegans P i с t., C
Page 42 and 43: Table 14 Major Chronostratigraphic
Page 44 and 45: 1.2. Accepted Stratigraphie Schemes
Page 46 and 47: stavites) cf. platycostatus S a y n
Page 48 and 49: like flint rocks. In some places th
Page 50 and 51: Khrischev (Николов, Хрис
Page 52 and 53: In the zone of the villages Zamfiro
Page 54 and 55: trautscholdi (S i т., В a c, S о
Page 56 and 57: Tn R-l Sevlievo Bochianites sp. and
Page 58 and 59: which proves tlie Barrcmian age of
Page 60 and 61: The Aptian is characterized by rich
Page 62 and 63: — The upper part of the Berriasia
Page 64 and 65: The natural outcrops of the Hauteri
Page 66 and 67: stone intercalations appear in the
Page 68 and 69: observed. To the north they rapidly
Page 70 and 71: sp. indet., Hamites intermedius S
Page 72 and 73: The upper boundary of the Valangini
Page 74 and 75: — For (he Gargasian: Cheloniceras
Page 76 and 77: The Albian around the town of Svist
Page 78 and 79: Tn the northwestern part of the Kub
Page 80 and 81: Sanmartinoceras (Sinzovia) trautsch
Page 82 and 83: These finds are of exceptional sign
Page 84 and 85: Acanthohoplites sp., charophytes an
Page 86 and 87:
2.2. Continental Margin of Northwes
Page 88 and 89:
lagoon and brakish environments. Th
Page 90 and 91:
comiensis R a d., Cayeuxia sp., Tro
Page 92 and 93:
On the territory of Douar Raouraoua
Page 94 and 95:
Delga (1969) distinguished three ba
Page 96 and 97:
(В 1.), etc. In the upper part of
Page 98 and 99:
northeast — the Cantabrian and Ib
Page 100 and 101:
Marine terrigenous-carbonate facies
Page 102 and 103:
(the Barremian Stage in the Pyrenee
Page 104 and 105:
Tn the same area, in the Nantebelte
Page 106 and 107:
Tn the Parentis Basin the Lower Cre
Page 108 and 109:
limestones pass to the south into W
Page 110 and 111:
8.2. The Hungarian Central Mountain
Page 112 and 113:
Table 16 Lithostratigraphic Units R
Page 114 and 115:
Verovice (Wierzowice, Wcrnsdoif) Sh
Page 116 and 117:
of microbreccias formed of crystall
Page 118 and 119:
The Albian sediments in the Récita
Page 120 and 121:
Clayey-calcareous sediments of Razg
Page 122 and 123:
In the Old Crimean (Starij Krim) re
Page 124 and 125:
species (Deshayesites dechyi (Papp.
Page 126 and 127:
Barremites cf. subdifficilis К а
Page 128 and 129:
The Middle and Upper Albian are usu
Page 130 and 131:
Berriasian : Berriasella privanensi
Page 132 and 133:
14.3. Sardinia The Lower Cretaceous
Page 134 and 135:
Albian included. The section of the
Page 136 and 137:
The Hauterivian is discovered over
Page 138 and 139:
17. GREECE The stratigraphie differ
Page 140 and 141:
Part Three GENERALIZATIONS AND CONC
Page 142 and 143:
In the Southern Carpathians the Ber
Page 144 and 145:
In the Crimea the Valanginian depos
Page 146 and 147:
feature of the Hauterivian sections
Page 148 and 149:
In the northern part of Tunisia the
Page 150 and 151:
Cerna and Coçustea there are Urgon
Page 152 and 153:
Paraurgonian sediments with Orbitol
Page 154 and 155:
Shales and limestones with Orbitoli
Page 156 and 157:
In Eastern Serbia and in the Sumadi
Page 158 and 159:
2.2.2. Foraminifera Foraminifera ar
Page 160 and 161:
In the northern province of the Med
Page 162 and 163:
to them a possibility for rapid and
Page 164 and 165:
there are Tethys genera (Lytoceras,
Page 166 and 167:
Immigrants from other provinces occ
Page 168 and 169:
so that in the northernmost part of
Page 170 and 171:
A similar endemism in the Albian am
Page 172 and 173:
with many representatives of Ammoni
Page 174 and 175:
During the Early Cretaceous the Mé
Page 176 and 177:
The uplift of the Atlas was accompa
Page 178 and 179:
During the Early Cretaceous the sea
Page 180 and 181:
To the southwest of the Kozloduj-Kn
Page 182 and 183:
Fig. 21 LU!i )f.i;i23 mr> witîi sk
Page 184 and 185:
the end of the Barremian, but in ad
Page 186 and 187:
G г u b i с (1974) made an attemp
Page 188 and 189:
flysch; (5) Magreb flysch from Sici
Page 190 and 191:
The Magreb flysc 1 zone continues t
Page 192 and 193:
3. "Bucegi" conglomerates of the co
Page 194 and 195:
Peridotites of Aptian-Albian age ar
Page 196 and 197:
Indeed, the facts which this resear
Page 198 and 199:
197
Page 200 and 201:
Most considerable activations occur
Page 202 and 203:
Carey (1958) was the first to note
Page 204 and 205:
Fig. 43. Palaeogeographic sketch-ma
Page 206 and 207:
3. CONCLUSIONS . • L. Some senera
Page 208 and 209:
REFERENCES A с к e г m a n n, h.
Page 210 and 211:
В e 1 1 i e г, J. P. 1974. Préci
Page 212 and 213:
Cadet, J.-P. 1978. Essai sur l'évo
Page 214 and 215:
D i e t z, R. S., J. C. H о I d e
Page 216 and 217:
G u é r i n, S., M. M о u 1 1 a d
Page 218 and 219:
M с m m i, L. 1965. Sur quelques A
Page 220 and 221:
M e m m i, L. 1965. Sur quelques Am
Page 222 and 223:
Pomerol, С. 1975. Stratigraphie et
Page 224 and 225:
S z y m а к о w s к a, F. 1965.
Page 226 and 227:
Бойчее, E. 1937. Върху
Page 228 and 229:
M и л а н о в с к к й, E.
Page 230 and 231:
Цанков, В., Ю. Стефан
Page 232 and 233:
léristique générale de chaque é
Page 234 and 235:
Massif Bétique, y inclus les Balé
Page 236 and 237:
Dans la partie centrale du détroit
Page 238 and 239:
Dans les Carpathes de Staro-Sambors
Page 240 and 241:
Lors du Crétacé inférieur dans l
Page 242 and 243:
2. Valanginien La répartition du V
Page 244 and 245:
graphique et les facteurs écologiq
Page 246 and 247:
zoïques globaux il est inclus entr
Page 248 and 249:
sion continuelle, au Nord de laquel
Page 250 and 251:
II. ЯРУСЫ, ПОДЪЯРУСЫ
Page 252 and 253:
востоке — в Ливии и
Page 254 and 255:
с эхиноидеями. Их о
Page 256 and 257:
В центральной част
Page 258 and 259:
Шумадийская зона о
Page 260 and 261:
1. Берриасский ярус
Page 262 and 263:
2. Основные черты эв
Page 264 and 265:
ляется следствием
Page 266 and 267:
2. В отдельных пояса
Page 268 and 269:
CONTENTS PREFACE Part One. INTRODUC
Page 270 and 271:
2.2. Protozoa 1 5 6 2.2.1. Radiolar
Page 272 and 273:
1. Обшие заметки • 25
Page 274 and 275:
Fig. 2. Map of the distribution of
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THE MEDITERRANEAN LOWER CRETACEOUS

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