THE MEDITERRANEAN LOWER CRETACEOUS

like flint rocks. In some places the conglomerates manifest good sorting with
respect to the size of the fragments. The thickness of the Hauterivian is about
190 m. It is well characterized palaeontologically by Mandov (Мандов,
1971).
The Barremian is revealed in a strip to the south of the villages Barlja, Komstica
and Gubes. It is represented in its base by clayey limestones and marls which
pass into marls upwards. The vertical lithological sequence is analogous to that
of the Salas syncline. Mandov (Мандов, 1971) has found a number of
characteristic Barremian ammonite taxa from these sediments. The Barremian in
the Gubes syncline is more than 100 m thick, with denuded upper part.
1.3.3. South Carpathians (Kula Region)
The Lower Cretaceous has a specific development, designated as Sinaya type (Б о нч
e в, 1957b), in the Kula region, the Krajna heights and in the southwesternmost
part of Vidin District.
According to data of Tz. Tzankov (Ц. Ц а н к о в, 1953), Lower Cretaceous
sediments lie with a gradual transition over Tithonian limestones. The
successions are not very clear, due to the lack of sufficiently good outcrops. T z.
Tzankov (Ц. Цанков, 1963) has found a terrigenous-carbonate formation
at the base of Lower Cretaceous sections, designated by him as carbonate flysch.
It is represented by polygenic breccia-conglomerates, breccias, gritstones, calcareous
polymictic sandstones, slightly aleuritic clayey limestones of micritic type,
and marls. They are connected by a transition to the Upper Tithonian sediments.
The breccia-conglomerates and the breccias are built mainly of fragments of
Upper Jurassic limestones and small quartz grains. Fragments of quartzites, phyllites,
schists and granites are less frequent. Sandstones are polymictic, calcareous
and inequigranular. Limestomes — clayey, micritic, in some places aleuritic or
sandy — predominate in this formation. Marls are slightly aleuritic and occur as thin
beds.
These rock varieties form a rhythmic alternation, with graded bedding and a
number of other characteristics of flysch formations observed in its phaneromerous
varieties. The thickness of this formation is above 400 m.
Palaeontological finds are very scanty: Pseudobelus bipartitus В 1., LameJIaptychus
didayi Cog. and unidentifiable calpionellids (Ц. Цанков, 1963).
Judging by the fact that these sediments are connected by means of a lithological
transition to Tithonian sediments, and in view of the available palaeontological
evidence, it may be assumed that the described formation in the Bulgarian part
of the South Carpathians belongs to the Berriasian and Valanginian. For the time
being, it is difficult to date its upper boundary.
In the region of the Rabisa mound Tz. Tzankov (Ц. Цанков, 1963)
has described the massive limestones of Urgonian type: biodetritic, zoogenic, oncolitic
and cryptocrystalline, referring them justifiably to the Aptian. These sediments
are of Urgonian type and are not typical of the "Sinaya Cretaceous". Thickness:
about 300 m.
Albian sediments are found to the northeast of the Rabisa mound, at Rakovica
village and along Neklovec river, to the east of Vràska Cuka peak (Ц. Цанков,
1963). Sandy marls with rare intercalations of aleuritic clayey limestones and very
seldom of claystones are developed. The contact of these sediments with the Aptian
limestones is not clear due to the tectonic disturbance, but they probably overlie
a denuded surface above these limestones. At Rabisa mound they form a transition
to Cenomanian sediments, whereas at Rakovica village they are covered trans-
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