THE MEDITERRANEAN LOWER CRETACEOUS

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Sanmartinoceras (Sinzovia) trautscholdi (S i n z.) is found at the base of the outcrop to the east of SaSevo village. Slightly further north, to the east of Radanovo village, the Bedoulian is represented by slightly aleuritic clayey marls with intercalations of calcareous sandstones, micrograined limestones and sandy limestones. The following species are found among them: Toxoceratoides royerianus (dО r b.), Cheloniceras (C.) cornuelianuin (d'O r b.), C. (C.) cf. dechouxi (K il., Re b.), Aconeceras nisoides (S a r.) and Sanmartinoceras (Sinzovia) trautscholdi (S i n z.). In the east, in the area of the villages Kamen, Bojka, Vodica, Kovaccvec and Palamarca, the Bedoulian is represented by clayey marls with very rare and thin intercalations of sandstones. Thin-layer slightly aleuritic limestones appear in the uppermost part. The following species are found among these sediments: С. (C.) cornuelianum (d'O r b.), С. (C.) cf. pygmeum (N i к s с h.), С. (С.) cf. seminodosum (S i n z.), Deshayesites callidiscus С a s., D. deshayesi (Ley m.), D. planus Cas. and D. strigosus Cas. Complete sections of the Bedoulian are found in the valley of Cerni Lom river, around the villages Zaraevo, Opaka, Krepca, Gàrcinovo, Gorsko Ablanovo and Kacelovo, where marls and clayey limestones are developed. These sediments contain many ammonites (Николов, 1969a). Thin-bedded and silicified limestones are discovered in the upper part of Bedoulian sections, in some places even chalcedonoliths (Горано в, 1965). The following species are collected from these sections: Procheloniceras albrechtiaustriae (H о h.), P. pachystephanum (U h 1.), Cheloniceras (C.) cornuelianum (d'O г b.), С. (C.) kiliani (Кое п.), С. (С.) seminodosum (S i n z.), Deshayesites stutzeri R. i e d e J, D. deshayesi (Ley m.), D. strigosus С a s., D. forbesi С a s., D. consobrinus (d'O г b.) and D. callidiscus С a s. In the valley of Malki Lom river, to the north and northwest of Sadina village, the Bedoulian is represented by clayey limestones which pass into pure limestones. These sediments are also intercalated to the east towards the villages Osenec and Balkanski, Razgrad District, as well as south of Razgrad. The transition between the Razgrad and Ruse Formations takes place in this zone at the level of the Bedoulian. In the east, in the Vojvoda Plateau and Stanata, the Bedoulian is represented by alternation of marls and clayey limestones passing into granular limestones in the upper part and to the north. Between the towns of Vâlci Dol and Suvorovo the Bedoulian is represented by clayey marls, aleuritic clayey limestones, aleuritic marls, calcareous sandstones and relatively pure limestones with flint concretions. Clayey-sandy limestones containing great amounts of glauconite, glauconite sandstones and clayey-calcareous sandstones, are found near Vojvodino village, Varna District. Cheloniceras (C.) cornuelianum (d'O г b.) and Deshayesites spp. are found among these sediments. In the northernmost part of the area the Bedoulian is connected with the Ruse Formation. Various limestones are developed: granular, oolitic, biodetritic, bivalvial, coral, bryozoal, algal, in some places porcelain-like (micrograined), in other places sandy and orbitolinic limestones. The following species are found among these sediments near the villages Belcov and Batin, Ruse District: Deshayesites weissi (N e u m., U h 1.), D. grandis Spath, D. callidiscus С a s., D. forbesi С a s., D. strigosus С a s., Deshayesites spp., Procheloniceras albrechtiaustriae (H о h.) and Cheloniceras (C.) spp. Of particular interest is the section of the Bedoulian to the southeast of Sirokovo and near Ostrica villages, Ruse District, where at a distance of about 1 km the transition between the clayey-calcareous sediments of the Razgrad Formation and the limestones of the Ruse Formation takes place. 79
The thickness of the Bedoulian in the examined sections is 40-140 m. The Middle Aptian (Gargasian) is developed mainly in the northwestern part of this area. Between the villages Strelec and Orlovec, Ruse District, the Gargasian is represented by microcrystalline limestones, clayey limestones and marls. Flint concretions occur in some places among the limestones. In the northeast, around the villages Bojka, Koprivec and Drjanovec, the Gargasian sections are formed by alternation of thin-layer silicified limestones, slightly silicified crystalline limestones and clayey slightly aleuritic limestones (Kovacevec Formation). The following species are collected from the lower part of the sections: Costidiscus microcostatus (S i т., Вас, So г.), Gargasiceras lautus (G 1 a s.), Gargasiceras sp., Hamiticeras sp. and Epancyloceras sp. The upper part of the same sections is characterized by : Acanthohoplites aschiltensis A n t h., A. sp., Subacanthoplites sp. and Cheloniceras (Zf.) aff. débile С a s. The Gargasian has vast outcrops in the Bjala region — around the villages Bistrenci, Pet Kladenci, Borovo, Baniska, west of Cilnov, around Cenovo, Starmen, Dolna Studena, Polsko Kosovo and Bjala. Marls with alternation of clayey and thin-bedded silicified limestones are discovered. They are characterized by many ammonites (Николо Б, 1969a). The thickness of the Gargasian is 80-150 m. The Upper Aptian (Clansayesian) is widespread to the west of Baniski Lom river, around Borovo village, north of Bistrenci village, Bjala, Cenovo and Batin villages, Ruse District. It is represented by marls with intercalations of clayey limestones characterized by: Aucellina caucasica (B u с h), A. gryphaeoides (S о w.), A. nassibiantzi S о k., Acanthohoplites bigoti bigoti (S e u п.), A. multispinatus tenuicostatus (S i n z.), A. trautscholdi (S i т., Вас, So r.) and Cheloniceras (£.) clansayense (J a c). The thickness of the Clansayesian sediments is 35-70 m. The Albian has a limited distribution in this area, being developed mainly around Ruse (Димитрова, 1952) and partly in the western part of the Razgrad District. It is represented by clayey marls and glauconite sandstones (Trâmbes Formation). The Albian sediments are transversed by some structural boreholes (Bâzan village, Razgrad District), as well as during the construction of the bridge across the Danube between Ruse and Giurgiu. The characteristic Upper Albian ammonite Anisoceras armatum (S о w.) is found at 56.30 m in borehole R-9 near Bâzan village. Albian sediments reach up to 60 m in thickness. 1.3.6. Eastern Rhodopes The development of the Lower Cretaceous in the Eastern Rhodopes was proved by Bojanov and Lipmann (Боянов, Липман, 1973) who found a rich association of Radiolaria characteristic of the Lower Cretaceous. They were found among phyllitoid schists around Meco Uho village in the valley of Kulidzikska river, Kàrdzali District. Phyllitoid schists are assumed to be part of the so-called diabase-phyllitoid formation. Most probably these are deep-sea formations of the type of the aspid formations. In 1982 Bojanov, Ruseva and Dimitrova (Боянов, Русев a, Димитрова, 1982) reported the find of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) foraminifera "in Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous metamorphic rocks" at Sveti Ilija locality, about 2 km northwest of Dolno Lukovo village, Kàrdzali District. The foraminifera have been found among tuffites which alternate with sandstones and siltstones. 80
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IChlor « Nikoiov THE MEDITERRANEAN
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Todor G. Nikolov LE CRETACE INFERIE
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In this monograph the Lower Cretace
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ficiently investigated. On the othe
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Part One INTRODUCTION I. GENERAL RE
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Table 1 Radiometric Data for the Lo
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N а с h e v, Lilov (1975) have ob
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that there exist close ammonite aff
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Table 4 Calpionellid Zones a .2 '5
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Calpionellid Zones Calpionellid zon
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3. Blueish and yellowish marls with
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С. oblongata Zone. It is based on
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Table 7 Ammonite Zones in the Haute
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Table 8 The Hauterlvian-Barremian B
Page 30 and 31: Table 9 Ammonite Zones in Barremian
Page 32 and 33: The lower boundary of the Àptian i
Page 34 and 35: P. pachistephanum Zone. It is based
Page 36 and 37: Table 12 Comparative Table of the F
Page 38 and 39: Table 13 Biostratigraphic Zones in
Page 40 and 41: Sow., A. pseudoelegans P i с t., C
Page 42 and 43: Table 14 Major Chronostratigraphic
Page 44 and 45: 1.2. Accepted Stratigraphie Schemes
Page 46 and 47: stavites) cf. platycostatus S a y n
Page 48 and 49: like flint rocks. In some places th
Page 50 and 51: Khrischev (Николов, Хрис
Page 52 and 53: In the zone of the villages Zamfiro
Page 54 and 55: trautscholdi (S i т., В a c, S о
Page 56 and 57: Tn R-l Sevlievo Bochianites sp. and
Page 58 and 59: which proves tlie Barrcmian age of
Page 60 and 61: The Aptian is characterized by rich
Page 62 and 63: — The upper part of the Berriasia
Page 64 and 65: The natural outcrops of the Hauteri
Page 66 and 67: stone intercalations appear in the
Page 68 and 69: observed. To the north they rapidly
Page 70 and 71: sp. indet., Hamites intermedius S
Page 72 and 73: The upper boundary of the Valangini
Page 74 and 75: — For (he Gargasian: Cheloniceras
Page 76 and 77: The Albian around the town of Svist
Page 78 and 79: Tn the northwestern part of the Kub
Page 82 and 83: These finds are of exceptional sign
Page 84 and 85: Acanthohoplites sp., charophytes an
Page 86 and 87: 2.2. Continental Margin of Northwes
Page 88 and 89: lagoon and brakish environments. Th
Page 90 and 91: comiensis R a d., Cayeuxia sp., Tro
Page 92 and 93: On the territory of Douar Raouraoua
Page 94 and 95: Delga (1969) distinguished three ba
Page 96 and 97: (В 1.), etc. In the upper part of
Page 98 and 99: northeast — the Cantabrian and Ib
Page 100 and 101: Marine terrigenous-carbonate facies
Page 102 and 103: (the Barremian Stage in the Pyrenee
Page 104 and 105: Tn the same area, in the Nantebelte
Page 106 and 107: Tn the Parentis Basin the Lower Cre
Page 108 and 109: limestones pass to the south into W
Page 110 and 111: 8.2. The Hungarian Central Mountain
Page 112 and 113: Table 16 Lithostratigraphic Units R
Page 114 and 115: Verovice (Wierzowice, Wcrnsdoif) Sh
Page 116 and 117: of microbreccias formed of crystall
Page 118 and 119: The Albian sediments in the Récita
Page 120 and 121: Clayey-calcareous sediments of Razg
Page 122 and 123: In the Old Crimean (Starij Krim) re
Page 124 and 125: species (Deshayesites dechyi (Papp.
Page 126 and 127: Barremites cf. subdifficilis К а
Page 128 and 129: The Middle and Upper Albian are usu
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Berriasian : Berriasella privanensi
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14.3. Sardinia The Lower Cretaceous
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Albian included. The section of the
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The Hauterivian is discovered over
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17. GREECE The stratigraphie differ
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Part Three GENERALIZATIONS AND CONC
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In the Southern Carpathians the Ber
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In the Crimea the Valanginian depos
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feature of the Hauterivian sections
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In the northern part of Tunisia the
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Cerna and Coçustea there are Urgon
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Paraurgonian sediments with Orbitol
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Shales and limestones with Orbitoli
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In Eastern Serbia and in the Sumadi
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2.2.2. Foraminifera Foraminifera ar
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In the northern province of the Med
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to them a possibility for rapid and
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there are Tethys genera (Lytoceras,
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Immigrants from other provinces occ
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so that in the northernmost part of
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A similar endemism in the Albian am
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with many representatives of Ammoni
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During the Early Cretaceous the Mé
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The uplift of the Atlas was accompa
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During the Early Cretaceous the sea
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To the southwest of the Kozloduj-Kn
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Fig. 21 LU!i )f.i;i23 mr> witîi sk
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the end of the Barremian, but in ad
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G г u b i с (1974) made an attemp
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flysch; (5) Magreb flysch from Sici
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The Magreb flysc 1 zone continues t
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3. "Bucegi" conglomerates of the co
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Peridotites of Aptian-Albian age ar
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Indeed, the facts which this resear
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197
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Most considerable activations occur
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Carey (1958) was the first to note
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Fig. 43. Palaeogeographic sketch-ma
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3. CONCLUSIONS . • L. Some senera
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REFERENCES A с к e г m a n n, h.
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В e 1 1 i e г, J. P. 1974. Préci
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Cadet, J.-P. 1978. Essai sur l'évo
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D i e t z, R. S., J. C. H о I d e
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G u é r i n, S., M. M о u 1 1 a d
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M с m m i, L. 1965. Sur quelques A
Page 220 and 221:
M e m m i, L. 1965. Sur quelques Am
Page 222 and 223:
Pomerol, С. 1975. Stratigraphie et
Page 224 and 225:
S z y m а к о w s к a, F. 1965.
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Бойчее, E. 1937. Върху
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M и л а н о в с к к й, E.
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Цанков, В., Ю. Стефан
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léristique générale de chaque é
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Massif Bétique, y inclus les Balé
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Dans la partie centrale du détroit
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Dans les Carpathes de Staro-Sambors
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Lors du Crétacé inférieur dans l
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2. Valanginien La répartition du V
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graphique et les facteurs écologiq
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zoïques globaux il est inclus entr
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sion continuelle, au Nord de laquel
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II. ЯРУСЫ, ПОДЪЯРУСЫ
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востоке — в Ливии и
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с эхиноидеями. Их о
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В центральной част
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Шумадийская зона о
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1. Берриасский ярус
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2. Основные черты эв
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ляется следствием
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2. В отдельных пояса
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CONTENTS PREFACE Part One. INTRODUC
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2.2. Protozoa 1 5 6 2.2.1. Radiolar
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1. Обшие заметки • 25
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Fig. 2. Map of the distribution of
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THE MEDITERRANEAN LOWER CRETACEOUS

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